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Engineering Process 2 Mechanical Engineering University of Gaziantep
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Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Chapter 9Composite Materials: Structure,
General Properties and Applications
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Boeing 757-200
Figure 9.1 Application of advanced composite materials in Boeing 757-200commercial aircraft. Source: Courtesy of Boeing Commercial Airplane Company.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Methods of Reinforcing Plastics
Figure 9.2 Schematic illustration of methods of reinforcing plastics (matrix) with (a)particles, (b) short or long fibers or flakes, and (c) continuous fibers. The laminatestructures shown in (d) can be produced from layers of continuous fibers or sandwichstructures using a foam or honeycomb core (see also Fig. 16.50).
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Characteristics of Composite Materials
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Tensile Strength and Modulus for Fibers in Plastic
Figure 9.3 Specific tensile strength (tensile strength-to-density ratio) and specifictensile modulus (modulus of elasticity-to-density ratio) for various fibers used inreinforced plastics. Note the wide range of specific strengths and stiffnesses available.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Properties of Reinforcing Fibers
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Cross-sections of Fiber-reinforced Materials
Figure 9.4 (a) Cross-section of a tennis racket, showing graphite and aramid (Kevlar)reinforcing fibers. Source: Courtesy of J. Dvorak, Mercury Marine Corporation and F. Garret,Wilson Sporting Goods Co. (b) Cross-section of boron fiber-reinforced composite material
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Effect of Fiber Type on Properties of Fiber-reinforced Nylon
Figure 9.5 Theeffect of type offiber on variousproperties of fiber-reinforced nylon(6,6). Source:Courtesy of NASA.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Fracture Surfaces of Fiber-reinforced Epoxy Composites
(a) (b)Figure 9.6 (a) Fracture surface of a glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite. The fibersare 10µm (400µin.) in diameter and have random orientation. (b) Fracture surface of agraphite fiber-reinforced epoxy composite. The fibers, 9 µm to 11µm in diameter, are inbundles and are all aligned in the same direction. Source: Courtesy of L.J. Broutman
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Plastics
Figure 9.7 The tensile strength of glass-reinforcedpolyester as a function of fiber content and fiberdirection in the matrix.
!
Load fraction of fibers :
Pf
Pm=Af E f
AmEm
Elastic modulus of composite :
Ec = xE f + 1" x( )Em
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Composite Sailboard Cross-section
Figure 9.8 Cross-section of a composite sailboard, an example of advancedmaterials construction. Source: K. Easterline, Tomorrow’s Materials (2nd ed.),p. 133. Institute of Metals, 1990.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Metal-Matrix Composite Parts
Figure 9.10 Examples of metal-matrix composite parts.Source: Courtesy of Metal Matrix Cast Composites, LLC.
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Metal-Matrix Composite Materials and Applications
Manufacturing, Engineering & Technology, Fifth Edition, by Serope Kalpakjian and Steven R. Schmid.ISBN 0-13-148965-8. © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.
Metal Matrix Automotive Brake Caliper
Figure 9.11 Aluminum-matrix compositebrake caliper using nanocrystallynealumina fiber reinforcement. Source:Courtesy of 3M Corp.