18-Nov 13SAURABH BANSAL B.TECH ECE VII SEM

1

CISCO CERTIFIED NETWORK

ASSOCIATED PRESENTED BY,

SAURABH BANSAL

B.TECH (ECE)

VII th SEM

AMITY UNIVERSITY RAJASTHAN

CONTENTS

• About CCNA

• Network

• Networking Device

• OSI model

• IP address

• Sub netting

• Router configuration

• Types of routing

ABOUT CCNA

This certification builds a foundation in and apprentice knowledge of networking.

CCNA certified professionals can install, configure, and operate LAN, WAN and access services for small

networks (100 modes or fewer), including but not limited to use of these protocols: IP, IGRP, SERIAL FRAME-RELAY, IP RIP, VLANs, RIP ETHERNET,

ACCESS-LISTS.

NETWORK

• LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

• MAN(METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK)

• WAN(WIDE AREA NETWORK)

• PAN(PERSONAL AREA NETWORK)

Based on Geographical

A network is a system that transmits any

combination of voice, video or data between users.

Types of network:

Networking Devices

5

Equipment that connects directly to a network segment isreferred to as a device.

These devices are broken up into two classifications. End-user devices Network devices

End-user devices include computers, printers, scanners, andother devices that provide services directly to the user.

Network devices include all the devices that connect the end-user devices together to allow them to communicate.

Networking Devices Router

Routers are used to connect networks together

Route packets of data from one network to another

DTE device

Hub

Connects a group of Hosts

works on fix bandwidth

Switch

Switches add more intelligence to data transfer management.

Manageable device

Works on share bandwidth

It makes multicast & broad cast connection

Network Topologies

7

Network topology defines the structure of the network.

One part of the topology definition is the physical topology, which is

the actual layout of the wire or media.

The other part is the logical topology,which defines how the media is

accessed by the hosts for sending data.

Bus Topology

• A bus topology uses a single backbone cable that is terminated at both ends.

• All the hosts connect directly to this backbone.

Ring Topology• A ring topology connects one host to the next and the last host to the first.

• This creates a physical ring of cable.

Star Topology

A star topology connects all cables to a central point of concentration.

Mesh Topology• A mesh topology is implemented to provide as much protection as possible

from interruption of service.

• Each host has its own connections to all other hosts.

• Although the Internet has multiple paths to any one location, it does not adopt

the full mesh topology.

Virtual Private NetworkA VPN is a private network that is constructed within a public

network infrastructure such as the global Internet. Using VPN, a

telecommuter can access the network of the company headquarters

through the Internet by building a secure tunnel between the

telecommuter’s PC and a VPN router in the headquarters.

Network Hierarchies

The OSI Model

Why do we need the OSI Model?

• To address the problem of networks increasing in size and in

number, the International Organization for Standardization

(ISO) researched many network schemes and recognized that

there was a need to create a network model

• This would help network builders implement networks that

could communicate and work together

Open System Interconnection reference model developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

OSI model describes how data is transferred from an application on one computer to another.

OSI model composed of seven layers that describe the functions of data communication protocols.

Each Layer of OSI model describes a particular network function.

OSI MODEL

IP ADDRESS

An IP address is a numeric identifier

assigned to each machine on an IP

network.

It designates the specific location of

a device on the network.

IP addressing was designed to allow hosts on one network to

communicate with a host on a different network regardless of the

type of LANs the hosts are participating in.

Sub nettingSub netting is logically dividing the network by extending the 1’s

used in SNM

AdvantageCan divide network in smaller parts

Simplified Administration

To avoid wastage of IP

It is the process of Dividing a Single Network into MultipleNetworks.

Converting Host bits into Network Bits i.e. Converting 0’s into 1’s

It is done on core router to reduce the size of routing table.

It is implemented by ISP (internet service providers).

To use global IP specifically

15Types of sub

netting

FLSM (fixed length subnet

mask)

Vlsm (variable length subnet

mask)

VLSM

VLSM is a method of designating a different subnet mask for the same network number on different subnets

Can use a long mask on networks with few hosts and a shorter mask on subnets with many hosts

With VLSMs we can have different subnet masks for different subnets.

Types of sub netting

Flsm (fixed length subnet

mask)

Vlsm (variable length subnet

mask)

17

VLSM Exercise

22

2

40

25

12

192.168.1.0

192.168.1.4/30

192.168.1.8/30

192.168.1.12/30

192.168.1.16/28

192.168.1.32/27

192.168.1.64/26

Router ConfigurationBasic command of router

User mode

Router >

Privilege mode

Router > enable

Router #

Configuration mode

Router # configuration terminal

Router (config)#

Router (config)# hostname R1

Interface mode

Router (config)# interface serial/fast Ethernet/GIGA byte Ethernet

Router (config-if )#ip address subnet mass

Router (config-if )#no shutdown

Router (config-if )#clock rate 64000

Only use for serial interface

Show command R# show running-configuration

R# show IP interface brief

R# show version

R #show ip interface brief

Routing

• Forwarding of packets from one network to another network choosing the best path from the routing table.

• Routing table consist of only the best routes for every destinations.

Rules of Routing

• Head Office Ethernet interface should be in the same network as your Head office

LAN and similarly on Branch Office side.

• Head Office S0 and Branch Office S1 should be in same network.

• All interface of router should in different n/w

Types of Routing

• Static Routing

• Dynamic Routing

Static Routing

• It is configured by Administrator manually.

• Mandatory need of Destination Network ID

• It is Secure & fast

• Used for Small organizations with a network of 10-15 Routers.

• Administrative distance for Static Route is 0 and 1.

o Disadvantages • Used for small network.

• Everything to manually

Command of static routing

R( config)# ip route destination network destination mask next hope ip

Dynamic RoutingAdvantages of Dynamic over static :

• There is no need to know the destination networks.

• Need to advertise the directly connected networks.

• Administrative work is reduced

Types of Dynamic Routing Protocols

•Distance Vector Protocol

• Link State Protocol

• Hybrid Protocol

Distance vector Link state Hybrid

• Example: RIP 1,

RIP 2,IGRP

• Example : OSPF, IS-

IS

• Example : EIGRP

• Class full routing

protocol

• Classless routing

Protocol

• Classless routing

Protocol

Distance Vector Protocol Link State Protocol Hybrid Protocol

Administrative Distance

• The Number is between 0 and 255

• The higher the value, the lower the trust.

• Directly Connected 0

• Static Route 1

• IGRP 100

• OSPF 110

• RIP 120

• EIGRP 90/170

RIP (router information protocol)

RIP Version 1 RIP Version 2

• Open Standard Protocol • Open Standard Protocol

• Class full routing protocol • Classless routing protocol

• Updates are broadcasted • Uses multicast address

• Administrative distance is 120 • Administrative distance is 120

• Metric : Hop count

Max Hop counts : 15 Max routers : 16

• Metric : Hop count

Max Hop counts : 15 Max routers : 16

• Used for small organizations • Used for small organizations

Advantages of RIP• Easy to configure

• No design constraints

• No complexity

Disadvantage of RIPBandwidth utilization is very high as broadcast for every 30 second

Works only on hop count

Not scalable as hop count is only 15

• Link State Protocol

• Link state updates

• Updates are through

Multicast

• Classless routing Protocol

• Missing routes are exchanged

OSPF( open shortest path first)

• Ospf is open source protocol

• Ospf is a link state routing protocol

• Ospf area 0 is a backbone of ospf

• Ospf admin distance is 110

Command of OSPF Config# Router ospf process id no.

Config-router# n/w id wild card mass area 0

EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)

• Its hybrid routing protocol

• Administrative distance 90/170(90-internal,170external)

• Its support VLSM(variable length subnet mask)

• Used duel algorithm

• Used on larger network

• It’s a classless routing protocol

• Upgraded version of IGRP

• It work on a.s number

EIGRP support three type of table

• Routing table

‾ Show ip route

• Neighbor table

‾ Show ip eigrp neighbor

• Topology table

‾ Show ip Eigrp table

Command in EIGRP routing R(config)# router EIGRP as no.

R(Router –config)# No- auto summary

Then Create Network