PROJECT REPORT ON –

BUILDING CRACKS – CAUSES AND

MEASURES

Submitted By-

Akash Upadhyay

BUILDING

ANY IDEA???

A building is a man-made structure with

a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one

place. Buildings come in a wide amount of shapes and

functions, and have been adapted throughout history for a

wide number of factors, from building materials available, to

weather conditions, to land prices, ground conditions,

specific uses and aesthetic reasons.

TYPES OF BUILDINGS

Building

ResidentialMulti-storey

IS THAT CRACK

SERIOUS???

Simplest question to be asked.

One of the most hard question to

answer.

BUILDING CRACKS

TODAYS TOPIC

A building component develops cracks whenever

stress in the component exceeds its strength. Stress in

a building component could be caused by externally

applied forces, such as dead, live, wind or seismic

loads, or foundation settlement or it could be induced

internally due to thermal variations, moisture changes,

chemical action, etc.

TYPES OF CRACKS…

Structural

• Incorrect design

• Overloading

• Faulty construction

Non-Structural

• Internal induced stress in building material

CLASSIFICATION OF CRACKS

(Based on width)

TYPE WIDTH

Thin < 1 mm

Medium 1-2 mm

Wide > 2 mm

MAJOR CAUSES

Moisture change

Thermal vibration

Elastic deformation

Chemical reaction

Foundation movement

Vegetation

Moisture Change - Most of the building materials

having pores in their mortar, burnt clay bricks,

some stones, timber, etc. expand on absorbing

moisture and shrink on drying.

Thermal vibration - It is a well known

phenomenon of science that all materials, more or

less, expand on heating and contract on cooling.

Magnitude of movement, however, varies for

different materials depending on their molecular

structure and other properties.

Vegetation - Existence of vegetation, such as

fast growing trees in the vicinity of compound

walls can sometimes cause cracks in walls due

to expansive action of roots growing under the

MEASURES TO BE TAKEN

• Proper construction

• Avoiding use of rich cement mortar in

masonry

•Timely repair

• Avoiding use of rich cement mortar

• Avoid bricks containing too much

soluble sulphates

PRESENT TENDS

Modern Structure –

i) Tall, thin walls

ii) Designed for higher stress

iii) Constructed at faster pace

iv) More crack prone

ANY

QUESTIONS…

THANK YOU…