2014

Sombaran Gupta

BSNL

11/15/2014

Industrial Visit

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Table of contents

Acknowledgement

Introduction

Methodology

Discussion

Recommendations

Conclusion

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Acknowledgement

We are thankful to the Pro- Vice Chancellor, Mr. Mukesh Saxena for organizing

such a great education tour. Our sincere appreciation is extended to the instructors

Dr. D. Bhattacharya, Mr. F. Rynjah, Mr. P. Maitty and Ms. P. Bora for

instructing us during the trip.

The trip was a great experience which gave a real exposure to the industry. It was

highly beneficial for all the students as it explained the theoretical and practical

concepts both.

We are also thankful all the instructors at the Transmission and Broadband sections

who provided the detailed explanations of telecom processes and operations and help

us preparing short notes during the trip. They also led us to the background and

requirements of Telecom station.

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Introduction

Started in 2000, with the vision of becoming the largest telecom service provider in

Asia, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is the world seventh largest

telecommunications company. It provides comprehensive range of services in India,

which include wire line connection, CDMA (code division multiple access) mobile,

GSM (global system for mobile communications) line, internet, broadband, MPLS-

VPN (multiple protocol label switching- virtual private network), VSAT (very small

aperture terminal) and VoIP (voice over internet protocol). Within this short span of

time, it has become one of the largest public sectors in India.

Components in exchange

The switching center, which houses the terminating and switching equipment is

called telephone exchange. And the equipment which effects the interconnection of

telephones is known as switching equipment.

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About the exchange

All telephone subscribers are served by automatic exchanges and automatic

exchange uses a pair of computers.

One pair, for running the program that provides services.

Second pair, for monitoring the operations of the first, ready to take over in a few

seconds in the event of equipment failure.

Exchange layout

Power plant room

Battery room

Main distribution frame (MDF)

Switch room

Operation and maintenance room (OMC)

Input output processor room (IOP)

There are three main components of exchange:

MDF room

Power plant room

Switching room

Power plant room is the heart of BSNL.

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Power plant

As we all know that, the power is the main source of any organization. That is the

first requirement of any organization is the input. The main source of this exchange

is the AC supply. This act as the feeding point of power all other sections. Regulated

power supply is used that help in switching mode.

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The power plant consists of a very important machine which is SMPS (switched

mode power supply). The AC power is fed to the LPU (lightning protecting unit)

which protect AC power from lightning. After this AC power is fed to the SMPS.

In that power plant room there are two SMPS.

Old SMPS (3 module)

New SMPS (6 module)

This AC power in the distribution box is converted into DC power are fed along the

busbars to the other components. The SMPS does two things:

AC supply charges the UPS

Converts AC to DC power supply

The room temperature of the power plant must be maintained by exhaust fans, proper

ventilation so that the module works properly.

Rating of SMPS and UPS

N * 100 A

1 KV

Manufacturing company for SMPS

Exicom power plant

ITI

The other main components of power plant room are:

Batteries

UPS

Charging and discharging unit

Inverter and control unit

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Battery room

There are two sets of batteries in that room, one for normal use and other for backup

in case the first battery fails. Minimum voltage required (DC) is 48V.

1 battery for 24V each supply a minimum of 2V. That is output voltage is 48V.

Fuse is required for charging the batteries and hence the supply is passed through

fuse. Temperature sensors is used for sensing the room temperature to protect any

chemical reaction inside the batteries.

Rating for batteries

Local 5000A required 1300A

IP TAX 600A required 60A

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IP TAX room

Above figure shows section of DC distribution box which takes power from the

power plant room.

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This room works for / processes for those calls which are not local that is it is out of

the state. Calls are transferred to this sections which are trunk automatic exchange

(TAX).

Networking room

BSNL offers Internet service with a speed range of 2 Mbps to 8 Mbps across 3,200

towns and cities. Out of the 612 district headquarters in the country, 585 have

broadband connectivity.

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What is broadband?

An ‘always-on’ data connection that is able to support interactive services including

Internet access and has the capability of the minimum download speed of 256 kbps

to an individual subscriber from the Point of Presence (POP) of the service provider.

Broadband Services Applications

High Speed Internet Access Always-On(Talk & Surf Simultaneously on same

Telephone Line )

LAN Access (Teleworking): Virtual Private Network (VPN) for Corporate

Customers

Broadcast TV/Video On Demand

Video Conferencing, Gaming & Home Shopping-Interactive Services

Distance Learning & Tele Medicine

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OCB TAX room

It is a digital switching system.

The system supports all the existing signaling system

The system has ‘auto recovery’ feature. When a serious fault occur in control

unit, it gives a message to SMM (operation & maintenance unit).

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Main distribution frame room

Local cable contact at MDF.

All types of cables out to the door contact connection at MDF .

The primary function of MDF is to remove fault. It is also known as Fault

Remove Section.

The telephone numbers are also disconnected in the MDF because of some

specific reason.

Organization of mdf

• Vertical side

• Horizontal side

Vertical side

• Rack On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. The

counting is done from up (0) to down (7).

• Tags Each rack consists of eight tags

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• 1 tag = 4 core

• 1 core = 4 bunch

• 1 bunch = 2 line

• N.E The word NE stands for the ‘NUMBER OF EQUIPMENT’. It is used for

testing number

• Wedge Wedge is used as a device for checking the ring. Wedge is placed in

jack strips, which is connected to telephone for checking.

Horizontal side

The horizontal side connected to the underground cable.

This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed when we allot the telephone

number to the subscriber. Horizontal side is again subdivided in two parts:

One part is connected with the vertical side.

Another with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground cable.

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Recommendations

According to the telecom regulatory authority of India the North Eastern Region

(NER) of India comprises the States of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura. They form part of the East Himalayan region. These eight States cover an area of 2, 62,189 sq. km, about 8%

of the country’s total geographical area. The region has a long international boundary. About 96% of the boundary of this region has China and Bhutan in the

north, Myanmar in the east, Nepal in the west and Bangladesh in the south and west. Many of the States in the region like Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram and

Nagaland, have large tribal populations. The region is characterized by an extremely tough terrain with poor infrastructure like rail, roads, electricity and telecom.

Connectivity is the most important key to development of a region; be it road, rail, waterway, air, power or telecom. Connectivity ensures that an otherwise distant

region is part and parcel of the mainland. It helps in overall economic development and social integration of the region. Robust telecom and broadband connectivity and

provision of quality telecom services is an avowed national priority. Hence, delivering such quality services and connectivity to the NER is an integral Component of realizing the national objective.

The recommendations are grounded in three main constituents:

The Gap analysis

The State-wise suggested telecom plans

The estimation of investment required for implementation of the Suggested

overall plan.

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Conclusion

Engineering student will have to serve in the public and private sector industries and

workshop based training and teaching in classroom has its own limitation. The lack

of expo sure to real life, material express and functioning of industrial organization

is the measure hindrance in the student employment.

In the open economy era of fast modernization and tough competition, technical

industries should procedure pass out as near to job function as possible? Practical

training is one of the major steps in this direction. I attended the industrial visit

BSNL, Shillong which is one of the best known communication service provider

companies of India. The training helps me in gaining in depth knowledge of the

working of telephone exchange, various technologies of BSNL–GSM, GPRS,

WIMAX, Wi-Fi, MLLN and optical fiber transmission.

In the end, I hereby conclude that I have successfully completed my industrial

training on the above topics.

References

www.bsnl.co.in

www.newbsnl.co.in

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