2. OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION DEFINATION UNIQUENSS CHARACTERISTIC OF
BRICK ADVANTAGE MANUFACTURNG TYPES SIZE JOINT TOOLS TECHNICAL TERMS
ORIENTATION RULES BOND CLASSIFICATION TESTS OF BRICK DEFECTS
CONCLUSION
3. Brick bonds are an essential part of wall structure.
"brick"is a standard-sized weight- bearing building unit. Several
bricks are laid together in stacks. Mortar paste is placed on top
of each to form a firm bond. are laid to form the structure. There
are different ways in which bricks are termed as bonds.
IINNTRINTROODUCTI ON
4. WHAT IS BRICK-MASONARY BRICK :- Brick is a building unit
,which is in the form of rectangular block in which length to
breadth ratio is 2 but height can be different. MASONARY
:-Construction of building unit bonded together with mortar. BRICK
MASONRY:-The art of laying bricks in mortar in a proper systematic
manner gives homogeneous mass which can withstand forces without
disintegration, called Brick masonry.
5. BRICK MASONRY-UNIQUENESS FIRE RESISTANCE SIZE DURABILITY
WORAKABILITY ECONOMICAL
6. CHARACTERISTIC OF BRICKS Brick will not burn, buckle or
melt. Brick will not rot and allow Termites to invade. Brick will
not rust and corrode. Brick will not dent. Brick will not fade from
the Suns UV Rays. Brick will not be damaged by high winds , rain or
hail. Brick will not require constant maintains. Brick will not
devalue. Brick will not limit your personal expression. Brick will
not limit your design options.
7. ADVANTAGES OF BRICK MASONRY The Brick masonry is cheaper
than compared to stone masonry. Bricks are of uniform size. Bricks
are very workable . Brick blocks dont need any dressing. Bricks are
very light in weight. No complicated lifting devices are necessary
in brick work. There is no problem to its availability. They do not
require transportation from long distances. Brick work can be done
by the less skilled labours also. Bonding strength is very good and
brick work is more durable.
8. MANUFACTURING OF BRICKS Raw materials like fly Ash,lime sand
and gypsum or fly Ash,cement & sand are manually fed into a pan
mixer where water added in the required proportion for intimate
mixing.The proportion of the raw material is generally in the ratio
60-80% of fly Ash,20-25% sand and 8-10% cement,or 60-80% of fly ash
10-20% lime,10% gypsum and 10% sand,depending upon the quality of
raw materials. After mixing, the mixture is shifted to the
hydraulic/mechanical presses.The bricks are carried on wooden
pellets to the open area where they are dried and water cured for
21 days .The bricks are tested and sorted before dispatch.
9. TYPES OF BRICKS MASONRY Bricks Masonry Brick work in mud
Brick work in cement
10. BRICK WORK IN MUD The mud is used to fill up the joints.
Thickness of the mortar joint is 12 mm. Cheapest Maximum height of
wall is 4 m.
11. BRICK WORK IN CEMENT 1st Class Cement of lime mortar is
used. The surface and edges of bricks are sharp. The thickness of
mortar joints doesnt exceed 10mm 2nd Class Ground moulded bricks
are used. Bricks are rough and shape is slightly irregular. The
thickness of mortar joint is 12 mm. 3rd Class Bricks are not hard
,rough surface with distorted shape. Used for temporary structures.
Used in places where rainfall is not heavy.
12. SIZES OF BRICK Nominal size :-A standard metric brick has
coordinating dimensions of 225 x 112.5 x 75 mm (9 x 4.5 x 3)
Architectural size :- Working dimensions (actual dimensions)of 215
x 102.5 x 65 mm (8.5 x 4 x 2.5)
13. MASONRY JOINT Weathered joint :-Mortar joint has sloped
(downwards) edge. Concave joint :-Joint concave inwards. Vee joint
:-Mortar joint is the form of V. Flush joint :-Mortar joint is
flush with the brick surface. Raked joint :-A large portion of the
mortar joint is raked out not a safe ,impermeable joint. Stripped
joint :- A medium large portion of the mortar joint is a safe
permeable joint. Struck joint :-Mortar joint has aslope (upwards)
edge.
14. TOOLS USED IN BRICK MASONRY Trowel Plumb bob Hammer Spirit
level Mason square Steel tape
15. BRICK COURSES & CLOSURES QUEEN CLOSURE: A brick cut in
half down its length. KING CLOSURE : A brick cut a corner &
joining middle points of width and length of the brick. THREE
QUARTER BAT : A brick cut to three-quarters of its length, and laid
with its long, narrow side exposed. HALF BAT: A brick cut in half
across its width and laid in the wall structure. QUARTER BAT: A
brick cut to a quarter of its length.
16. ORIENTATION OF BRICKS STRETCHER: A brick laid with its long
narrow side exposed. HEADER: A brick laid flat with its width at
the face of the wall. SOLDIER: A brick laid vertically with the
long narrow side of the brick exposed. SAILOR: A brick laid
vertically with the broad face of the brick exposed.
17. RULES FOR GOOD BRICK BONDING Uniform in size. Bricks
arranged uniformly throughout the wall. Bats are used as little as
possible. The bricks in the interiors of wall laid as headers, that
is, across the wall. The lap not more than 2 and one-fourth(1/4)
inches. The vertical joints in every other course should be
vertically over one another.
18. BONDS IN BRICK-WORK 1. English bond. 2. Flemish bond. 3.
Header bond. 4. Stretcher bond. 5. Facing bond. 6. English cross
bond. 7. Brick on edge bond. 8. Dutch bond. 9. Raking bond. 10.
Garden wall bond
19. FLEMISH-BOND This bond has one stretcher between headers,
with the headers centered over the stretchers in the course below.
When a course begins with a stretcher, the course will ordinarily
terminate with a stretcher at the other end. Brickwork that appears
as Flemish bond from both the front and rear is Double Flemish
bond.
20. ENGLISH BOND Bricks are laid in alternate courses of
headers and stretchers. There is a chance of penetration of damp
through transverse joints. Queen closures are inserted next to
headers to produce overlap. English bonds are the strongest but it
is to be noted that the continuous vertical joints are to be
avoided. Appearance is not as good as Flemish bonds.
21. SUSSEX BOND This bond has three stretchers between every
header. the headers are centered above the midpoint of three
stretchers in the course below. Generally used as garden walls and
are relatively cheaper than other bonds.
22. GARDEN-WALL BOND Used for 9 inch wall. Used when a fair
face is required on both sides. Wall is composed of three or four
courses of stretchers alternating with one of headers. It is mostly
used in construction of garden wall.
23. HEADER BOND Heading or Header Bond is laid on headers. Used
for round quick sweeps . Should never be used in straight work as
it is very week. This bond is used for facing of curved surface and
footings in foundations.
24. STRETCHER BOND Bricks are laid in stretchers. Used in walls
of half brick in thickness. Due to its constant occurrence in the
last position it is also called Chimney Bond, Running Bond. This
bond doesnt develop proper internal bond.
25. QUALITIES OF GOOD BRICKS 1. Bricks should be uniform in
shape & standard in size. 2. Bricks should give a clear
metallic ringing sound when struck with each other. 3. Bricks
should show a bright homogeneous & free from voids. 4. Bricks
should be well brunt and possess sharp edges. 5. Colour of the
bricks should be uniform and bright. 6. Bricks should be
sufficiently hard & no impression should be left on bricks
surface when scratched with finger nail. 7. Bricks should have
crushing strength above 5.50N/mm. 8. The bricks should not break
when it dropped from a height of about 1 m. 9. The bricks should
not absorb water more than 20% by weight when soaked in cold water
for 24 hrs. 10. The bricks should not show any deposits of white
salts when allowed to dry in shade.
26. CLASSIFICATION OF BRICKS FIRST CLASS BRICKS :- This are
table moulded. Surface & edges are sharp, square ,smooth ,
straight. Well brunt & have uniform texture ,metallic ringing
when struck against each other. Used for superior work. SECOND
CLASS BRICKS :- This are ground moulded brick. Surface are rough.
The quality of this bricks are inferior. THIRD CLASS BRICKS :- The
surface & edges are rough. Does not create any metallic sound.
Used for temporary & unimportant structure. FOURTH CLASS BRICKS
:- This bricks are over brunt. Irregular shape & dark colour.
Used in floor , foundation, roads.
27. TESTS FOR BRICKS 1) Absorption:- The brick should not
absorb water more than 20% of dry weight. 2) Crushing strength:- As
per BIS 1077-1957 the minimum crushing strength of bricks is 3.5
N/mm2 3) Hardness :- Brick is treated to be sufficient hard if no
impression could be made on the surface of the brick by finger
nail. 4) Soundness :- Two bricks when struck with each other should
emit metallic ringing sound. 5) Structure :- It should be
homogeneous ,compact ,and free from any defects. 6) Shape &
size :- Standard size (190 X 90 X 90 mm) and shapes should be truly
rectangular with sharp edges and smooth surface.
28. DEFECTS IN BRICK MASONRY Sulphate attack :- Sulphate salts
present in bricks work react with alumina content of cement .It
occur in boundary walls. Crystallization of salts from bricks :-
Occur in masonry made out of brick which contain excessive soluble
salts.This phenomenon is also known as efflorescence. Corrosion of
embedded iron or steel :- Iron or steel embedded in brick work gets
corroded in the presence of dampness .On corrosion the metal
expands in volume and tends to crack the brick work.
29. CONCLUSION Masonry boasts an impressive compressive
strength (vertical loads) but is much lower in tensile strength
unless reinforced. Brick masonry increases the thermal mass of a
building and thereby resists fire. Masonry tends to be heavy and
must be built upon a strong foundation, such as reinforced
concrete, to avoid settling and cracking.