BY :KARTIK PALIWAL

&

VINAY KANT SAHU

NIT,BHOPAL

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

The transmission is a device that is connected

to the back of the engine and sends the power

from the engine to the drive wheels.

WHY TRANSMISSION NEEDED ?

1 TRANSMITTING POWER FROM

ENGINE TO THE WHEELS

2 TO MATCH THE LOAD REQUIREMENT

3 PROVIDING MECHANICAL

ADVANTAGE

4 A TRANSMISSION WORKS BY

ALLOWING THE ENGINE TO OPERATE

IN IT'S NARROW RANGE OF SPEEDS

WHILE OUTPUTTING A BROAD RANGE

OF SPEEDS.

1 SPACE 8 feasibility

2 POWER REQUIRED

3 POWER SOURCE

4 RANGE OF SPEED

5 WEIGHT

6 ECONOMIC

7 LINKS

A GEAR

B CHAIN

C SHAFT

CONSTRAINTS WE KEEP IN MIND WHILE

DESIGNING TRANSMISSION

VARIOUS EXAMPLE OF TRANSMISSION

SYSTEM

DESIGNING

TRANSMISSION FOR

cycle

DESIGNING

TRANSMISSION FOR

bike

DESIGNING

TRANSMISSION FOR car

1 POWER REQUIRED

less Moderate 6-60 BHP Car 80-1000BHP

2 power source

manual driven Ic engine 100-500CC Ic engine 800-6000CC

3 weight

very less less 100- 200KG High 1000-6000kg

4 range of speed

low High High

5 links

chain ,sprocket Chain sprocket Gear train , cardan shaft

6 economic

less costly Moderate High cost

7 SPACE

LESS Less high

8 feasibility

chain sprocket Chain sprocket Gear train + drive shaft

2 WHEEL

DRIVE

Two types

1 REAR

WHEEL DRIVE

2 FRONT

WHEEL DRIVE

2 WHEEL DRIVE 4 WHEEL DRIVE

Advantages

1 less of a power loss

2 The production costs are

lower.

3The engine sitting over

the driving wheels gives

better traction.

4 simple construction

Disadvantage

vehicle is accelerated the

weight of the car shifts to

the rear and the front

wheels tend to scrabble for

grip.

Eg swift,maruti 800,indica

1 Improved traction

and handling

2 Able to transmit

torque to all

four wheel

3 Higher initial cost

and weight

Requires special

service and

maintenance

Eg DUSTER, trucks

COMPONENT OF TRANSMISSSION

SYSTEM

• CLUTCH

• GEAR BOX/TRANSMISSION

• CARDAN SHAFT

• DIFFERENTIAL

• WHEELS/TYRES

CLUTCH

CLUTCH SYSTEM

CLUTCH IS THE CRUCIAL LINK BETWEEN THE

POWER PLANT (ENGINE) AND THE DRIVELINE

THE PURPOSE OF THE CLUTCH

• LINK OR DE-LINK(ENGAGE OR DIS-ENGAGE)

THE ENGINE FROM THE DRIVELINE, AS DESIRED

BY THE DRIVER

COMPONENTS OF CLUTCH

•CLUTCH ACTUATION MECHANISM

LINK TYPE

CABLE TYPE

HYDRAULIC TYPE

•CLUTCH PRESSURE PLATE

•CLUTCH DRIVEN PLATE

How does a clutch work

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pqF-

aBtTBnY&index=13&list=UUjDn0r-Jxfmh-

HR4id885yw

GEAR RATIO

•It is also known as its speed ratio, is the

ratio of the angular velocity of the input

gear to the angular velocity of the output

gear.

• The gear ratio can be calculated directly

from the numbers of teeth on the gears in

the gear train.

•This shows that a simple gear train with

two gears has the gear ratio R given by

•A gearbox is a mechanical

device utilized to increase

the output torque or change

the speed (RPM) of a motor.

•The motor's shaft is

attached to one end of the

gearbox and through the

internal configuration of

gears of a gearbox, provides

a given output torque and

speed determined by the

gear ratio.

GEAR BOX

HOW DOES A MANUAL

TRANSMISSION WORKS ??

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K53c

PGRE1Kk

H pattern

TYPE OF GEAR SHIFTING

1 H PATTERN

EG CARS

2 SEQUENTIAL GEAR SHIFTING

EG BIKE

3 AMT GEAR SHIFTING

EG CELEREO

4 CVT

SEQUENTIAL GEAR SHIFTING

CALCULATION

Calculating final drive ratio ( If)

Let vmax. = maximum vehicle speed ( km/hr) at highest gear

ratio

Let highest gear ratio be 1:1 for the sake of convenience

( Nw)max . = max. rpm of wheel

(Ne )pmax. = rpm of engine at max. power

Vmax. = 2π * Rw * (Nw)max.*60 /1000

= 0.377 Rw * (Nw)max.

(Nw )max. = Vmax. / 0.377 Rw

As (Nw)max. will occur at (Ne)pmax ,

(Nw)max. = (Ne)pmax / ig*if

If = 7.4646 : 1 (Final drive ratio )

EQUATION OF MOTION FOR VEHICLE

1 ROLLING RESISTANCE

rolling resistance, sometimes called rolling friction or rolling

drag, is the force resisting the motion when a body (such as

a ball, tire, or wheel ) rolls on a surface

2 AERODYNAMIC DRAG

3 GRADING RESISTANCE

The force, due to gravity, that resists the movement of a vehicle

up a slope.

4 ACCELERATION RESISTANCE

Force experienced during acceleration due to inertial forces

1. Rolling resistance R.R. (min.) = CR*mg

= 0.037*2943 = 108.9 N

R.R. ( max.) = 0.06*2943 = 176.58 N

2. Force on slope Fs = mg * sinɵ

= 2943 * sin (22.50)

= 1126.23 N

3. Force for acceleration

Force = mass * velocity max. / time

Fa = 300 * 16 / 8

= 600 N

Total tractive effort = R.R. + Fs + Fa

= 176.58 + 1126.23 + 600

= 1902.8 N

Total wheel torque = total tractive effort *wheel radius

=627.92 Nm

BAJA VEHICLE SPECIFICATION

DETERMINING THE BOTTOM GEAR RATIO

Bottom gear ratio

Ig = Tw/Tmax*if*nt

where

Tw = wheel torque

Tmax = maximum torque from

engine

Nt = transmission efficiency

Ig= 4.922:1

PROPELLER

SHAFT

• propeller shaft is a mechanical component for

transmitting torque and rotation, usually used to

connect other components of a drive train that

cannot be connected directly because of distance or

the need to allow for relative movement between

them

DIFFERENTIAL

• The differential is designed

to drive a pair of wheels

while allowing them to rotate

at different speeds.

•When cornering, the inner

wheel needs to travel a

shorter distance than the

outer wheel, so with no

differential, the result is the

inner wheel spinning and/or

the outer wheel dragging,

and this results in difficult

and unpredictable handling,

damage to tires and roads,

and strain on (or possible

failure of) the

entire drivetrain.

HOW DIFFERENTIAL WORKS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYAw

79386WI

NEW TECHNOLOGIES

1 c v t

2 TORQUE CONVERTER

CVT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DldU

aOWnKQM

TORQUE CONVERTER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5G2

zQ_3xTc&list=UUjDn0r-Jxfmh-HR4id885yw

THANK YOU