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DATA, INFORMATION AND MANAGEMENT IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
Jackie Bland, Geotechnics Ltd/Furgo Steve Walthall, Bechtel
AGS Data Management Committee 2015
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS
SYSTEMS THEORY
D. I. K. U. W.
According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:
Data: symbols Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who",
"what", "where", and "when" questions
Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions
Understanding: appreciation of "why"
Wisdom: evaluated understanding.
Ackoff indicates that the first four categories relate to the past; they deal with what has been or what is known. Only the fifth category, wisdom, deals with the future because it incorporates vision and design. With wisdom, people can create the future rather than just grasp the present and past. But achieving wisdom isn't easy; people must move successively through the other categories.
• Data: SPT N value, Moisture content, depth to water
• Information: Borehole Log, PSD graph• Knowledge: GI report• Understanding: Design Report• Wisdom: Design
Application of Ackoff’s model to geotechnical engineering
Data, the collection, coordination, transfer use and management
Information, the conversion of data to information
Knowledge, Understanding and Wisdom, the publication and use of reports and designs
DATA AND ITS USE
DATA, SOME BASICSData is both singular and plural
BS 8574 2.5 Geotechnical DataFacts or figures obtained from all phases of a geotechnical project, including derivations from other data , (Facts and figures might include text, numbers and formulae).
BS 8574 2.6 logical data data connected by location and/or time and not the representation or the evaluation of that data
Meta Data Additional information which describes the data, such as the borehole number and depth for an SPT N value.
THE DATA JOURNEY (1990’S)
THE DATA JOURNEY (2014)
(Chandler 2014)
(After Romain Arnould 2014)
Data storage
Data ImportData Entry
validationvalidation
validation
Data AnalysisInformation Production
Data Visualisation(Information)
Data Export
AGS AGS AGS
AGS
AGS
AGS
THE AGS DATA TRANSFER FORMAT
Why not use spreadsheets?
They are not data bases
They are INFORMATION not DATA
They are difficult to interrogate
They contain format information which is not transferable
They are not software independent
They often contain errors which are not easily found,i.e. they are difficult to validate and verify
BS8574 A.2.4 NOTE Use of spreadsheet files for data transfer is discouraged because they contain formatting information as well as data. Interoperability problems between spreadsheet software might be experienced
THE AGS DATA TRANSFER FORMAT
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2020
AGS03/92
AGS07/94
AGS3
AGS3.1
AGS4
AGS5?
AGS DATA TRANSFER TIMELINE
TimeBerlin
wall falls
Atlantis Space Shuttle docks with Mir space station
for first time
MillenniumBug? Facebook
launched
Matt Smith becomes
11th Dr WhoEGGS
Conference
2015
Government mandates
BIM
DoBIM
Level 2now
AGS4.1 Beta
DATA MANAGEMENT
DATA MANAGEMENTA new British Standard has been created by the AGS Data Management committee to formalise your data management -
BS8574:2014 Code of practice for the management of geotechnical data for ground engineering projects
WHAT IS BS8574?
Gives recommendations on the management of geotechnical data throughout the life-cycle of civil engineering and building projects at both an organizational and project level.
Defines data as a concept and provides recommendations on the collection, verification, manipulation, distribution, presentation and storage of data.
WHY USE BS 8574?For each PROJECT• Collections of data from different sources and formats• Number of organisations processing and transferring data• Data Management and delivery needs defining and
maintaining throughout as documented in the specification
Improves communication between the parties involved
Standard has been designed for use in a BIM project in accordance with PAS 1192
DATA MANAGEMENT
To summarise Data Management is a combination of:-
BS8574, which determines what is to be done
and AGS Data, which is a tool for doing it
INFORMATION
INFORMATION
The use of information in the development of a project
Availability and transfer of information during the life cycle of the project
Access to and archiving of information.
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Typical Information contained in the GIR ----- Parameters
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Typical Information contained in the GIR ----- Sections
INFORMATION
A project with the working title AGSi is developing the AGS4 “Groups” and “Headings” necessary to transfer the information contained in the GIR as data.
It will do this using the concept of “Layers”
These layers may be StratigraphicLithologicalWeatheringEngineeringEnvironmentalWater Or any combination
AGS4.1 BETAThe document will be issued as “AGS4.1 Beta (Draft for public consultation)”
It will contain the additional groups needed to transfer the data behind the information contained in the GIR (Geotechnical Investigation Report)
The Parameters are derived values (not characteristic values which are in the Design Reports)
The geometry of the layers will be transferred by one of three methods:
1. The use of a simple x,y,z file2. The use of a project specific file format as defined in the BS8574 project plan,
using the existing AGS external file mechanism defined in the FILE group (FILE_FSET)
3. The use of cross sections using the structure established by British Geological Survey (BGS)
The new Groups LAYA Layer definitions
PARA Layer parameters
LAYX Layer geometry (x,y,z co-ordinates)LAYB Layer boundariesLABX Layer boundary co-ordinates (x,y co-ordinates)
CSLG Cross-section linesCSLA Cross-section line alignments (x,y coordinates)CSLW Cross-section line layer geometry (w,z data)
additional groups to transfer ground surface topology GRNG Ground surfacesGRNX Ground surface topography (x,y,z co-
ordinates)
AGS4.1 BETA
AGS4.1 BETAThe transfer file format will have the following options:
Comma Separated Value file format (CSV) as per AGS format files to dateand, for the first time, an XML version
The use of cross sections has also neatly provided a solution to the conundrum which has existed since AGS as first started:
Trial Pit sketches
AGS4.1 BETADemo of cross sections - a joint project between AGS and BGS
KNOWLEDGE
UNDERSTANDING
WISDOM
KNOWLEDGE GI report
UNDERSTANDING Design Report
WISDOM Design
These are for the future as the transfer file format develops
Perhaps the committee should be renamed
THE AGS WISDOM COMMITTEE
but that may be a step too far
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS FOR DATA TRANSFER
AGS4.1 BETA
Implications for the industry to be addressed
Data management in accordance with BS8574
Information Management for the next phase(s) of BIM
Ownership of the Data