A Presentation on networking and CCNA

Prepared byVivek kumar

Ravi Ranjan Kumar

Network

• A network is a system that transmits any combination of voice, video and data between users.

Network Types

• Usually networks are categorised on the basis of their area of operation.

Network Topologies and devices

Reference models

IP addressing• If a device wants to communicate using TCP/IP. It

needs an IP address. • IP addressing was designed to allow the host of one

network to communicate with a host on other network.

• IP addresses are further divided into to parts i.e. - network ID - Host ID• Based on these two parts you can extract the

information about the class of an IP address.

• Different class of IP’s are used for different purpose.

Routing and Routing protocols• Routing is a process of selecting a path inside a network,

along which to send network traffic.• Routing is performed for many type of networks including

telephone network(circuit switching), electronic data network(such as internet) and transportation network.

• The network device which is responsible for routing process is Router.

• To route a router needs to do following things-know the destination address.-Discover the possible routes.-Select the best route.-Maintain and verify the routing information.

• ROUTING PROTOCOLS are the software that allow routes to dynamically advertise and learn routes, determine which routes are available and which are the most efficient routes to a destination.

• Usually two types of protocols are used in internetworks:• Interior Gateway Protocols(IGP): these are used to

exchange information in the same autonomous system(AS). Some IGPs are-Routing Information Protocol (RIP)-Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) - Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

• Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP): These are used to communicate between Autonomous systems(AS) e.g BGP.

Difference between IGP and EGP

Some useful networking concepts• VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol): This protocol is used

to establish a connection of a IP phone with a network.• ACL (Access Control List): This networking concept is very

useful for security purpose, as this is used to keep a check on the unwanted hosts who wants to get access of your network or system.

• NAT(Network Address Translator): the intention behind using NAT is to decrease the overwhelming amount of public IP address required in your networking environment, by allowing duplicate IP addresses in your network and whenever they try to access the outside network they just translate the duplicate IP into a valid IP.

• VLAN (Virtual LAN): It is a networking concept which is used to divide a LAN virtually into different separate LAN.

• VPN (Virtual Private Network): This networking technique is very important for security purpose, as it uses “tunnelling” in order to hide the intermediate routes between host and destination system, so that no one can trace the actual route of data transfer.

• Wifi: it is a classical example of wireless networking. With this technology one can easily form a network without getting physically connected.

Project work

• Introduction of the project• Components used in the project• Networking techniques used in the project• Working description of the project• Actual topological view of the project• Conclusion and future prospects of the project

Introduction of Project• Name : “Network design proposal for an airport”.

In this project we have tried to draw a schematicWorking model of an airport. The main motiveBehind taking this project was to understand the Networking of an enterprise or any suchOrganisation. • Working on this project gave us the opportunity to explore the basic

things that should be kept in mind while designing network for any organisation, which includes stuffs like, identifying the requirements of different areas within a single organisation, designing the best topological structure for the organisation, applying the access control methods to limit the access to important parts of the organisation etc.

Components used in the project• As it is a project purely based on networking so we have

used all the basic components related to it. which includes -Routers-Switches-connecting cables-IP phones-Servers-End devices (laptops and computers)-wifi

Networking techniques used• As this project is some sort of enterprise network so we

have tried to apply most of the things that we have learnt during our training period. some of them of them are mentioned below-Topology design-IP addressing-Routing protocols(OSPF, EIGRP)-VOIP-ACL-Redistribution -Telnet

General working• In order to describe the general working of the project first of all we

are going to explain the topology of the network.• Here the topology consists of three sections

- Entry zone-Sterile lounge-Airport logistics zone

• The entry zone has six departments : Enquiry, Parking, Security, Immigration, Reservation, Airport representative.

• Each of these departments have their own LAN network which are connected with server.

• All the departments at the entry level are directly in connection with IT department of the flight logistics zone.

• We can say that IT department works as the intermediate zone between different department.

• At entry zone each department can communicate with one another with IP phones only. No communication through PCs are possible.

• The Sterile lounge zone is like a waiting room where Passengers wait after passing through the security and other checkups at the entry zone.

• In this zone wifi facility is available and one can access internet and other related facilities.

• The flight logistics zone is lie the administrative zone of any organisation. In this zone only authorised officials are allowed to enter.

• There are five different departments in this zone, IT department, Security head office, Immigration dept. head office ,ATC and Airport management office.

• Among these ATC and Airport management dept. are of given the highest priority as the deal with the work related to flights so access to these can be made only via IT department.

• Rest of the department of this zone will deal with there respective sub sections at the entry zone.

Protocols and techniques used• At the entry zone we have used OSPF protocol for

routing and the concept of VOIP and ACL has also been used to connect the IP phones and to limit the accessibility of each department.

• A common router has been used in order to connect the entry zone and Flight logistics zone.

• The technique of redistribution has also been used at the common router to connect the networks with different routing protocols.

Actual view of the project

Conclusion and future prospects• This project actually gives the overview that how enterprise

networking is done and how it works. Future prospects

• As far as future prospects are concerned nothing is for ever in the field of technology.

• There is lot of space for improvement in the field of networking like,-Better topological arrangements.- Introduction of new smart devices-Introduction of better congestion control techniques.-The introduction of wireless networking