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Mansoura UniversityFaculty of EngineeringComputer and Control Systems Dept.
A Novel Power Saving Technique for VoIP Services over Mobile WiMAX Systems
Presented byEng. Tamer Zakaria Mohamed Emara
SupervisorsProf.
Hesham ArafatVice Dean of Students and Education Affairs,
and Head of Computer Engineering and Control Systems Dept., Faculty of EngineeringMansoura University
Assoc. Prof.Ahmed Saleh
Associate Professor inComputer Engineering and Control
Systems Dept., Faculty of Engineering Mansoura University
2
Agenda*Objective*What is VoIP?*Research Area*Power Saving Class Mode in IEEE802.16*Previous Effort*Proposed Mechanism
VPSMANN_VPSM
*Simulation Setup*Result Analysis for VPSM*Result Analysis for ANN_VPSM*Conclusion
3
The main objective is to propose a power conservation
mechanism based on artificial neural network which is:
*applicable to VoIP service with silent suppression over WiMAX systems.
*reducing the energy consumption of Mobile Stations (MS) *increasing the bandwidth utilization and reduces the network traffic.*Guaranteeing the Quality of Services (QoS).
Objective
4
WHAT IS VOIP?
VOIP APPLICATION
Encoder Packetizer Depacketizer DecoderNetworkPlayback
buffer
Sender Receiver
End-to-end components of VoIP.
VoIP Research Areas
Mobile StationBase Station
Voice QualitySecurity Power Saving
5
Power Saving Class Mode in IEEE802.16
6
7
PSC of Type I
PSC of Type II
8
PSC of Type III
Previous Effort
9
Paper Author Technique Conclusion"An optimal power-saving class II for VoIP traffic and its performance evaluations in IEEE 802.16e", Computer Communications, vol. 31, no. 14, pp. 3204–3208, Sep. 2008
JungRyun Lee, DongHo Cho
PSC II during all conversationFinding the optimal sleep interval for PSC II, based on network delay model.
Energy consumption 40-10%Packet buffering delay 10- 70 ms
“Dual power-saving modes for voice over IP traffic supporting voice activity detection", IET Communications, Vol. 3, no.7, pp. 1239 – 1249, July 2009.
J-R Lee, D-H Cho
PSC II for talk spurtPSC I for mutual silence
1. Energy saved by up to 20%.2. drop probability of less than 1.9%
"On the Use of a Power-Saving Mode for Mobile VoIP Devices and Its Performance Evaluation", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, vol. 55, No. 3, pp.1537-1545, Aug. 2009.
Choi H-H, J-R Lee, D-H Cho
PSC II for talk spurtPSC I for mutual silence(network delay model)
Talk spurt:Power consumption 20%Buffering delay 100 msMutual silence:Power consumption 20%Packet drop 14%
10
Previous Efforts
Paper Author Technique Conclusion
"Power-saving scheduling with a QoS guarantee in a mobile WiMAX system", Journal of Network and Computer Applications , Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1144–1152, Nov. 2009.
Wen-Hwa Liao, Wen-Ming Yen,
scheduling scheme They consider that delay and jitter types of QoS should be scheduled at the same time and integrate sleep duration in one MSS.
Average energy efficiency 60 – 90%Packet losses 0- 70%
"Advanced Mechanisms for Sleep Mode Optimization of VoIP Traffic over IEEE 802.16m" Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 2010), pp. 1 – 6, 6-10 Dec. 2010.
Ritesh K. Kalle, Maruti Gupta, Aran Bergman, Elad Levy, Shantidev Mohanty, Muthaiah Venkatachalam and Debabrata Das
1. Reduce the LI duration from active period and reduce the number of DL sub-frames during mutual silence periods.2. During mutual silence periods we also propose to use longer sleep cycles (in the range [20–160] ms) to maximize the power saved between two SID packetarrivals.
reduce power consumption 70% Didn’t calculate packet losses
11
Previous Efforts (cont.)
Paper Author Technique Conclusion
“On exploiting the on-off characteristics of human speech to conserve energy for the downlink VoIP in WiMAX systems", 7th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), vol., no., pp. 337 – 342, 4-8 July 2011.
Xiao-Hui Lin, Ling Liu, Hui Wang, Yu-Kwong Kwok
Find the optimal sleep window parameters under the constraints of QoS requirement based on the hybrid method [1]
90% reduction in energy dissipation during silence period.
“Energy-saving centric uplink scheduling scheme for broadband wireless access networks”, EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2014:70, May 2014.
Yen-Wen Chen, Yen-Yin Chu, I-Hsuan Peng
Energy-saving centric uplink scheduling scheme(ESC-US)
sleep time 60% - 90%.Delay frame 20-80 ms
12
Previous Efforts (cont.)
Proposed Mechanism
13
14
i) Training Mode (VPSM mechanism)After constructing ANN, it needs to be trained. So, the training mode starts firstly. While the conversation running, needed data are collected. To save more power in training mode VPSM is chosen.
Power Saving Strategy
ii) Prediction Mode (ANN_VPSM mechanism)
After the training finished the network is ready to run
15
VPSM Mechanism
16
VPSM Mechanism (Case 1)
(𝑆𝑀 𝐸𝑆+𝐿𝑇 𝐸𝐿 )𝑆𝑀+𝐿𝑇
Energy Consumption
Buffering delay
(𝑆¿¿𝑀+𝐿𝑇)−1𝜆 ¿
17
VPSM Mechanism (Case 2)
(𝑆𝑀 𝐸𝑆+𝐿𝑇 𝐸𝐿 )𝑆𝑀+𝐿𝑇
+∑𝑖=1
∞
𝑝𝑖∑𝑗=1
𝑖
(𝑆 𝑗 𝐸𝑆+𝐿𝑇 𝐸𝐿)
𝐸 [𝐿 ]
Energy Consumption
Buffering delay
∑𝑖=1
∞
𝑝𝑖∑𝑗=1
𝑖
(𝑆 𝑗+𝐿𝑇 )−1𝜆
18
1. Start Call
2. FOR EACH Frame DO 3. IF Data sent THEN4. Coding data using voice coder.
5. IF VAD=0 THEN
6. Check last received frame.
7. IF last received frame = SID THEN8. Call proc Mutual_Silent_Case
9. End If10. ELSE11. Call proc Talking _Case
12. END IF
13. ELSE IF Data received THEN
14. Decode received frame using voice coder.
15. IF received frame = SID THEN
16. Check VAD for last sent frame.
17. IF VAD=0 THEN
18. Call proc Mutual_Silent_Case
19. END IF
20. ELSE
21. Call proc Talking _Case
VPSM Mechanism (cont.)
21. END IF
22. END IF
23. NEXT
24. End Call
26. Proc Mutual_Silent_Case
27. Check current PSC
28. IF current PSC = PSCII THEN
29. Request PSCIII
30. ELSE IF current PSC= PSCIII THEN31. Request PSCI
32. END IF33. END Proc
34. Proc Talking_Case
35. Check current PSC
36. IF current PSC = PSCIII OR current PSC = PSCI THEN
37. Request PSCII
38. END IF
39. END Proc
19
Proposed ANN_VPSM
20
The ANN structure used in this study is
*Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP).
* MLP works through back-propagation method,
*Inputs: Last silence period, Last talking period.
*Outputs: predicted mutual silence.
ANN Structure
21
ANN Structure (cont.)
22
ANN_VPSM MechanismSTART
Data?Sending Receiving
Read frame
Is my MS in silence?No
Yes
VoiceCheck received packet
SID
Coding Data using coder
VAD0
1
Received SID Predict SM using
ANN model
PSC II
Request PSC II
Request PSC III PSC II
Request PSC II
Call ended?
END
Yes
No
YesNo
YesNo
YesNo
Simulation Setup
23
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We assumed a user running a VoIP application and requiring network access to transmit its packets in the uplink towards the destination.
We supposed that parameters of the distribution model have converged and the network connection is in the steady state mode.
Simulation Assumption
25
The proposed simulation procedure consists of three stages:
1. Getting training data.
2. Build ANN model.
3. Performance evaluation.
The Proposed Simulation Procedure
26
a. Real voice file (usually in .wav format).
b. Using speech codec (ITU-T G.729B ).
c. Then implemented a program using C++ language to get the required data for training the neural network.
Getting Training Data
27
The training is automated with the Neuro Solution (version 5)
Build ANN model
The learning rules used for training:
• Momentum.
• Conjugate Gradient (CG).
• Levenberg Marquar (LM).
• Quick prop (QP).
• Delta Bar Delta (DBD).
Transfer Functions:
• Linear Tanh Axon
• Linear Sigmoid Axon
• Bias Axon
• Tanh Axon
• Sigmoid Axon
• Axon
Data60% training
15% cross validation
25% testing
28
The performance of the ANN_VPSM and VPSM is validated bySimulation using C++ language G.729B voice codec
Performance Evaluation
29
Experiment Parameters Parameter Description Value
PTPacket generation interval of G.729 codec 40 ms
1 frame One frame duration 10 ms
LT Listen interval 10 ms
ST Sleep interval for PSCII 30 ms
SmaxLength of the maximum sleep cycle for PSC I 40 to 10240ms
SM Sleep interval for PSC IIIVPSM: 100, 200, 300 msANN_VPSM: predicted
Result Analysis for VPSM
30
31
Result Analysis for VPSM
40 80 160
320
640
1280
2560
5120
1024
00
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Maximum sleep cycle (ms)
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
40 80 160
320
640
1280
2560
5120
1024
00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
Maximum sleep cycle (ms)
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
32
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)
Smax =40 ms
33
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
Call Time (s)
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Smax =80 ms
34
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)
Smax =160 ms
35
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)
Smax =320 ms
36
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)
Smax =640 ms
37
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)Smax =1280
ms
38
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)Smax =2560
ms
39
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
Call Time (s)60 120 180 240 300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
Call Time (s)
Smax =5120 ms
40
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
40 80 160 320 640 1280 2560 5120102400
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
Buff_Frames=4 Buff_Frames=6 Buff_Frames=8 Buff_Frames=16 Buff_Frames=32
Maximum sleep cycle (ms)
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
41
Result Analysis for VPSM (cont.)
60 120 180 240 3000
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4 HPSM-1HPSM-2VPSM-31VPSM-21VPSM-11VPSM-32VPSM-22VPSM-12VPSM-33VPSM-23VPSM-13
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
Dro
p Fr
ames
60 120 180 240 3000.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1HPSM-1HPSM-2VPSM-31VPSM-21VPSM-11VPSM-32VPSM-22VPSM-12VPSM-33VPSM-23VPSM-13
Call Time(s)
Pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
HPSM-1 defines HPSM with maximum sleep cycle =160ms; HPSM-2 defines HPSM with maximum sleep cycle =320ms; VPSM-31 defines VPSM with SM=300ms and Smax=160ms; VPSM-32 defines VPSM with SM=300ms and Smax=320ms; VPSM-33 defines VPSM with SM=300ms and Smax=640ms; VPSM-21 defines VPSM with SM=200ms and Smax=160ms; VPSM-22 defines VPSM with SM=200ms and Smax=320ms; VPSM-23 defines VPSM with SM=200ms and Smax=640ms;VPSM-11 defines VPSM with SM=100ms and Smax=160ms; VPSM-12 defines VPSM with SM=100ms and Smax=320ms; VPSM-13 defines VPSM with SM=100ms and Smax=640ms;
42
Result Analysis for ANN_VPSM
43
44
Transfer Function-Tanh axon
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fra
mes
45
Transfer Function-Sigmoid axon
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fra
mes
46
Transfer Function-Linear Tanh axon
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.025
0.027
0.029
0.031
0.033
0.035
0.037
0.039
0.041
0.043
0.045
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fra
mes
47
Transfer Function-Linear Sigmoid axon
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
0.025
0.027
0.029
0.031
0.033
0.035
0.037
0.039
0.041
0.043
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fra
mes
48
Transfer Function axon
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
30 60 90 1201501802102402703000
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
ConjugateGradientDeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquarMomentumQuickpropVPSM
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fra
mes
49
Transfer Function-Bais axon
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
ConjugateGradient DeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquar MomentumQuickprop VPSM
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
30 60 90 120
150
180
210
240
270
300
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
0.045
ConjugateGradient DeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquar MomentumQuickprop VPSM
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fra
mes
Conclusion
50
51
In this thesis, the power saving mechanism based on artificial neural network is proposed for VoIP services with silent suppression over WiMax systems. The experimental results indicated that the proposed mechanism can:reduce the power consumption of MS
effectively.increase the bandwidth utilization and
reduce the network traffic. Experimental results shows that the power consumption of an MS can be reduced up to 3.7% with less than 3.7% average frame drop.
CONCLUSION
Outcome
52
53
Tamer Z. Emara, Ahmed I. Saleh and Hesham Arafat, “Power saving mechanism for VoIP services over WiMAX systems”, Wireless Networks, Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 975-985, 2014.
54
Thank You
55
*VOIP – Protocol Stack
Tasks of the various Layers• G.7xx: describes the formats for voice data (Voice-Codecs)
• H.26x: describes the formats for video data (Video-Codecs)
• RTP• Realtime Transport Protocol provides packets with a time stamp and a sequence
number• Used for transport of real-time data (Audio, Video) over paket-oriented network• Supplement by RTCP
• RTCP • Realtime Control Protocol• Control Protocol for RTP
UDP >>> RTP .......... Port (n) RTCP ....... Port (n+1)
56
57
Transfer Function-Linear Sigmoid axon
30 60 90 1201501802102402703000.035
0.04
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
ConjugateGradient DeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquar MomentumQuickprop VPSMHPSM-2
Call Time(s)
Pow
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
30 60 90 1201501802102402703000.025
0.075
0.125
0.175
0.225
0.275
0.325
0.375
0.425
ConjugateGradient DeltaBarDeltaLevenbergMarquar MomentumQuickprop VPSMHPSM-2
Call Time(s)
Aver
age
drop
fram
es