Presented By:Saikat Patra (12000513042)Subhra Sankha Bhattacharya (12000513050)Surafuddin Mondal (12000513055)Utsav Chakraborty (12000513057)

3D - PRINTING

INTRODUCTION HISTORY GENERAL PRINCIPLES PROCESSES & TECHNIQUES MANUFACTURING

APPLICATIONS SOCIOCULTURAL

APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION

SLIDE PLAN

INTRODUCTION

1/16

3D Printing also known as additive printing refers to various processes used to synthesize a three dimensional object.

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

These objects can be of almost any shape or geometry and are produced from a 3D model or other electronic data source.

In 3D printing, successive layers of material are formed under computer control to create an object.

2/16

INTRODUCTION Contd.

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

In an additive process, an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created.

Is subtractive manufacturing possible?

3/16

3D Printing signals the beginning of a third industrial revolution.

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

INTRODUCTION Contd.

3D printing in the term's original sense refers to processes that sequentially deposit material onto a powder bed with inkjet printer heads.

Using the power of the Internet, it may eventually be possible to send a blueprint of any product to any place in the world to bereplicated by a 3D printer.

4/16

HISTORY: TERMINOLOGY & METHODS

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

Early Additive Manufacturing (or AM) equipment and materials were developed in the 1980s.

First patent application was filed by Dr. Hideo Kodama of Japan in1980. The first patent was issued to Charles Hull for stereo lithography in1986. EOS sold its first stereos system in 1990. During the period 1998-2005 various other 3D printer manufacturingCompanies came up like- Stratasys, Sanders Prototype, Arcam, Object Geometries, EnVision Tech.

5/16

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

HISTORY: TERMINOLOGY & METHODS

Dr Bowyer conceived the RepRap concept of an open source, selfreplicating 3D printer in 2004.

The first system under $10,000 form 3D systems in 2007.

The first commercially available 3D printer came into marketin 2009. Alternative 3D printing processes were introduced at the entry levelof the market in 2012.

Stratasys acquires MakerBot in 2013

6/16

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

The general principles include:1. Modelling2. Printing3. Finishing

MODELLING:3D printable models may be created with a computer aided design (CAD) package, via a 3D scanner or by a plain digital camera and photogrammetric software.

7/16

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

PRINTING:Before printing a 3D model from an STL file, it must first be examined forerrors. In fact, most of the CAD softwares produced errors in the STL filesIn 3D scanning the error is even more.The errors are examined and rectified by the user.

Processed by a piece of software called a "slicer," which converts the model into a series of thin layers and produces a G-code file containing instructions tailored to a specific type of 3D printer.

Construction of a model with contemporary methods can take anywhere from several hours to several days, depending on the method used and the size and complexity of the model.

8/16

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

FINISHING:

Printer-produced resolution is sufficient for many applications, printing a slightly oversized version of the desired object in standard resolution and then removing material with a higher-resolution subtractive process can achieve greater precision.

9/16

Since 2010, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) group developed a set of standards that classify the 3d printing process into 7 catagories:-

1) Vat Photopolymerisation 2) Material Jetting 3) Binder Jetting 4) Material Extrusion 5) Powder Bed Fusion 6) Sheet Lamination 7) Directed Energy Deposition

Working Principles

10/16

Vat Photopolymerisation  Invented in 1986 by Charles Hull,

who also at the time founded the company, 3D Systems.

Most commonly used technology in this processes is Stereo lithography (SLA).

 A computer-controlled moving laser beam is used to build up the required structure, layer by layer, from a liquid polymer that hardens on contact with laser light.

11/16

Binder Jetting This technology was first

developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1993.

 In the build chamber, powder is spread in equal layers and binder is applied through jet nozzles that “glue” the powder particles in the shape of a programmed 3D object.

The finished object is “glued together” by binder remains in the container with the powder base material.

12/16

Powder Bed Fusion The most commonly used

technology in this processes is Selective laser sintering (SLS).

This technology uses a high power laser to fuse small particles of plastic, metal, ceramic or glass powders into a mass that has the desired three dimensional shape.

After each cross-section is scanned, the powder bed is lowered by one layer thickness. Then a new layer of material is applied on top and the process is repeated until the object is completed.

13/16

Directed Energy Deposition

This process is mostly used in the high-tech metal industry and in rapid manufacturing applications.

The 3D printing apparatus is usually attached to a multi-axis robotic arm and consists of a nozzle that deposits metal powder or wire on a surface and an energy source (laser, electron beam or plasma arc) that melts it, forming a solid object.

Sciaky is a major tech company in this area

14/16

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

APPLICATIONSManufacturing applications:

Rapid manufacturing

Rapid prototyping

Research

Food

Medical applications

15/16

EIE/Y/2016/3DP

APPLICATIONS

Sociocultural applications:

Art Communication Domestic Use Education and Research Environmental Use Cultural Heritage

16/16

THANK YOU

EIE/Y/2016/3DP