10 flanges gaskets & fasteners

L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

FLANGES, GASKETS AND FASTENERSFASTENERS

PLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.


Fl n s pipin mp n nts us d f nn tin

FLANGES

Flanges are piping components used for connecting pipes which needs dismantling & periodic maintenance, other piping components like valves, specialties, instrument items like orifice, flow meters etc on to the pipes.

A flanged joint is composed of three separate & independent although interrelated components; the p g pflanges, the gaskets & the fasteners.



STANDARDS

ASME 16.5 - STEEL PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS

ASME 16 47 LARGE DIAMETER STEEL FLANGESASME 16.47 - LARGE DIAMETER STEEL FLANGES

ASME 16.1 - CAST IRON PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGSFLANGED FITTINGS

API 6A - SPECIFICATION FOR VALVES & WELLHEAD EQUIPMENT

API 605 - LARGE DIAMETER CARBON STEEL FLANGES

WELLHEAD EQUIPMENT

FLANGESPLANT & PIPING ENGG. DEPT.


STANDARDS contd..

BS 1560 STEEL PIPE FLANGES

• MSS-SP-44 - STEEL PIPELINE FLANGES

• BS 1560 : STEEL PIPE FLANGES

• IS 6392 : STEEL PIPE FLANGES


ASTM A105 (CS)

FLANGE MATERIAL

ASTM A350 (LTCS)

ASTM A182 (AS / SS)

ASTM A181 (CS)( )

ASTM A694 (CS)

ASTM B62 (BRONZE)



FLANGE TYPESWelding neck flangeSlip-on flangeSlip on flangeSocket welded flangeL j i flLap joint flangeScrewed flange

Reducing flangeBlind flangeReducing flangeIntegral flange



W ldi k fl

The welding neck flanges are attached to pipe by

Welding neck flange

The welding neck flanges are attached to pipe by butt welding.These are mainly used for critical services.While specifying these flanges the thickness of the Welding end is to be specifiedWelding end is to be specified.



Socket weld flangeThe socket welded flanges are welded only on one side.These are used for small bore lines only

Socket weld flange

These are used for small bore lines only.



Slip-on flange

The slip-on flanges are attached by welding, inside as well as outside.



Lap joint flange

The lap joint flange are used with stub ends when piping is of costly material The stub ends will be butt

p jo g

piping is of costly material. The stub ends will be butt welded to the piping & the flanges are kept loose over the same. The inside edge of these flanges are chamfered to clear the stub end radius.



The screwed flanges are used on pipelines where ldi t b i d t

Screwed flange

welding cannot be carried out.



Blind flangeThe blind flanges are used to close the ends which The blind flanges are used to close the ends which need to be reopened later.



Reducing flangeReducing flangeThe reducing flanges are used to connect between larger And smaller sizes without using a reducerlarger And smaller sizes without using a reducer.



Integral flangeIntegral flangeThis type covers designs in which the flange is cast orforged integrally with the nozzle neck or vessel or pipeforged integrally with the nozzle neck or vessel or pipewall, Welded in such a way that the flange & nozzle neckor vessel or pipe wall is considered to be the equivalent of an integral structure.



FLANGE CLASSIFICATIONFLANGE CLASSIFICATION

BASED ON PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATING

BASED ON FLANGE FACINGBASED ON FLANGE FACING

BASED ON FACE FINISH

BASED ON MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION



BASED ON RATING• 125 # (CI)( )• 150 #• 250 # (CI)

300 #• 300 #• 400 #• 600 #• 900 #• 1500 #• 2500 #• 5000 #• 10000 #10000 #



BASED ON FLANGE FACE

• RAISED FACE (RF)• RING TYPE JOINT (RTJ)( )• FLAT FACE (FF)• TONGUE & GROOVE (T/G)( )• MALE & FEMALE (M/F)



BASED ON FACE FINISH

• SARGOL AND SARLUN FACING• EXTRA SMOOTH FINISH (32-63μAARH)( μ )• SMOOTH FINISH (125-250μAARH)• SERRATED FINISH (250-500μAARH)( μ )• STOCK FINISH (500-1000μAARH)


GASKETSL&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

GASKETSGaskets are relatively softer material which yare inserted between flanges to avoid leakage. Tightening the bolts causes the

k i l fl i h igasket material to flow into the minor machining imperfections, resulting in a fluid tight sealtight seal.Gaskets are made of materials which are not chemically affected by the fluid in the pipechemically affected by the fluid in the pipe and which are resistant to deterioration by temperaturetemperature.



GASKETS

Gaskets are

• Resilient material• Inserted between flangesInserted between flanges• Compressed by bolts to create seal


STANDARDSL&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

STANDARDS• ASME B16.20 : METALLIC GASKETS FORASME B16.20 : METALLIC GASKETS FOR

PIPE FLANGES

• ASME B16.21 : NON-METALLIC GASKETS FOR PIPE FLANGES

• API 601 : METALLIC GASKET FOR REFINERY 60 C G S OPIPING

• BS 3381 : METALLIC SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS

• IS 2712 : COMPRESSED ASBESTOS FIBRE JOINTINGJOINTING



GASKET TYPES

• FULL FACE

• INSIDE BOLT CIRCLE• INSIDE BOLT CIRCLE

• SPIRAL WOUND METALLIC

• RING TYPE

• METAL JACKETED


GASKETS contd..L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

Gaskets must :

a) Maintain integrity during handling and installation.

b) Be s fficientl deformable to flo intob) Be sufficiently deformable to flow into imperfections on the seating surfaces to create an initial seal.

c) Have sufficient strength to resist crushing under the applied load and defy rupture under pressureunder pressure.

d) Chemically resist fluid under all temperatures and pressures.p p


GASKETS contd..L&T – CHIYODA LIMITED

e) Be strong enough to maintain the seal, tough enough to withstand creeptough enough to withstand creep relaxation, and resilient enough to provide recovery during normal operation including thermal cycling and vibration.

f) Never promote corrosion of the seating surfacesurface.

g) Be impermeable to the fluid being handled.

h) B ffi i tl i t t t di ti ifh) Be sufficiently resistant to radiation, if present, to perform its function.


SELECTION OF GASKETS


SELECTION OF GASKETS



SELECTION OF GASKETS contd..



SELECTION OF GASKETS contd..



THREADED FASTENERS

• Threaded fasteners are the means by which the flanged joints are connected together.They are mainly divided into 2 types Vizmainly divided into 2 types. Viz

1.Stud bolts & nuts2 Machine bolts & nuts2.Machine bolts & nuts

• For low pressure, low temperature service, machined bolts are used and studs are used otherwise. Low strength carbon steel bolts shall not be used above 200o or below –29o.



TYPES

• STUD BOLTS AND NUTS

MACHINE BOLTS AND NUTS• MACHINE BOLTS AND NUTS



MATERIALS

• ASTM A193 –AS bolting material for high temp.service

• ASTM A194 –AS nut material for high temp serviceASTM A194 AS nut material for high temp.service

• ASTM A307 – Low carbon steel bolting material

• ASTM A320 – Alloy steel bolting material

• ASTM A563 – Carbon and alloy steel nutsy

• IS 1367 - Threaded steel fasteners



STANDARD

• ASME B18.2.1- SQUARE & HEXAGONAL HEAD BOLTS

• ASME B18.2.2- SQUARE & HEXAGONAL HEAD NUTS

• BS 916 - BLACK BOLTS & NUTS

ASME B18.2.2 SQUARE & HEXAGONAL HEAD NUTS

• IS 1367 - THREADED STEEL FASTENERS


THANK YOUOU

Engineering

10 flanges gaskets & fasteners