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My presentation about the writing process
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Writing is like Flying
Anna Maria CarboneJune 2008
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
The Flying Stages
Planning
Taking off
Flying
Landing
Key Questions
Who are the readers?
What is the subject?
What are my goals?
Anna Maria Carbone – June 2008
Plot a Course
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Planning the Flight
Collecting information
Having all the data
Checking the issues
Verifying the facts
Creating a logical outline
1. Identify the text’s features
Goal
Reader
Topic
Length
Type
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Planning – Checking the Aircraft
2. Gather ideas: What are information and ideas
of the topic which I am going to write about?
3. List ideas in an outline: Which clusters of ideas and concepts
can I create and what is their logical sequence?
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Planning – Checking the Aircraft
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Taxying to the runway
Sort topics
Create the sequence
Confirm concept’s course
Summary: You can start with a summary that presents the topic and why it is important.
Anecdote: You can introduce your text with a fact, a story, curiosity.
Short phrases: Use journalistic language, few words having effect.
Answers: You can introduce your topic with a direct answer about it.
Analogy: You can compare your topic to another similar one.
Quotations: They are very effective to catch the reader’s attention. It can be a proverb, a verse ora famous quotation.
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
The perfect take-off?
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Taking off
Clearance, full throttle, accelerate, take-off.
The start
This is the first approach for readers. You have to phrase it carefully.
It introduces the topic.It has to capture the reader’s attention.
Anna Maria Carbone - Giugno 2008
Taking off - airborne
Anna Maria Carbone - Giugno 2008
A comfortable flight
Develop and separate individual topics Use clear language
Use short sentences and phrasesAvoid jargon
From the ship’s log of “Kansas City Star” written by Captain Ernest Hemingway
1. Use short sentences.
2. Use short first paragraphs.
3. Use vigorous English.
4. Be positive, not negative.
Anna Maria Carbone - Giugno 2008
A comfortable flight: In-Flight Service
From the essay “Politics and the English Language” written in 1946 by George Orwell
1. Never use a metaphor, simile, or another figure of speech which you often see in print.
2. Never use a long word where a short one will do.
3. If it is possible to remove a word, then do it.
4. Never use the passive where you can use the active.
5. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
6. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.
Anna Maria Carbone - Giugno 2008
A comfortable flight: In-Flight Service
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Preparing for Landing – The Approach
The conclusionYou have to conclude your text in a clear way.
Do not leave anything unanswered.
Anna Maria Carbone - Giugno 2008
Preparing For Landing – Final Checks
Copy edit:
Review of topics
Clarity
Effectiveness
Grammar
Spelling
Punctuation
The final paragraph is a farewell from writer to readers .
It has to summarize the topics and confirm the thesis
Anna Maria Carbone - Giugno 2008
Touching down
Now our written work is completed.If it is good
our readers will have had a good flight!
Anna Maria Carbone - June 2008
Anna Maria Carbonewww.scriverebene.it
Thank-you for flying with us