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Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 1
What is Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipa journey not a destinationrdquo
Allah Dad Khan
July 25th 2009
2
Water is Life
3
Natural Resources
4
Natural Resources 1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
6
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
2
Water is Life
3
Natural Resources
4
Natural Resources 1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
6
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
3
Natural Resources
4
Natural Resources 1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
6
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
4
Natural Resources 1Available natural resource base including
water land biodiversity grazing areas and forest climate of which altitude is one important determinant landscape including slope farm size tenure and organization and dominant pattern of farm activities and household livelihoods including field crops livestock trees aquaculture hunting and gathering processing and off-farm activities
2Taking into account the main technologies used which determine the intensity of production and integration of crops livestock and other activities
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
6
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
What is sustainability
The word sustain from the Latin sustinere (sus- from below and tenere to hold) to keep in existence or maintain implies long-term support or permanence
6
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
6
Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
The Technical Advisory Committee of Consultive Group of International Agriculture Research ( CGIAR) define Sustainable Agriculture ldquo Successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy the changing humans needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resourcesrdquo
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
What is sustainable agriculture
A farm system that mimics as closely as
possible the complexity of a healthy and
natural ecosystem Goals include
Providing a more profitable farm income Promoting environmental stewardship Promoting stable prosperous farm families and communities
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Sustainable Agriculture
Reduces inputs Uses ecological pest and weed management strategies Cycles nutrients back into the soil for fertility and health Strengthens rural and urban communities Produces viable farm income Promotes healthy family and social values Brings the consumer back into agriculture
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 9
Sustainable Agriculture
ldquohellipan integrated system of plant and animal production practiceshellipthat will
satisfy human food and fiber needs enhance environmental quality make the most efficient use of nonrenewable resources sustain economic viability enhance quality of liferdquo
1990 Farm Bill
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Ecological Pest Management
Intercropping diversity and cover cropping 1048708 Crop rotation 1048708 Farmscaping 1048708 Use of resistant varieties
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Reduced and no-tillage systems
1048708 Residue cover protects the soil from wind and
water erosion 1048708 Allows for greater moisture retention in
rainfed systems 1048708 These systems build soil organic matter
over a period of years and reach a higher ldquosteady staterdquo level than tilled systems in the same environment
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Animal Manure
The use of fresh or undecomposed manure in agricultural systems is of great benefit to the farm 1048708 There are variations in nutrient profiles of animal manures 1048708 If using raw manure cannot apply to fields
for organic certification less than 120 days before harvest
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Soil Fertility Composts
Use of compost in crop production and grass farming is beneficial to build soil organic
matter add nutrients to the soil and retain water 1048708 Nutrient contribution of manure-based compost is balanced between N-P-K Have a compost nutrient assessment done 1048708 How much compost to apply and timing is different on each farm 1048708 Ease and economics of use local availability and costs as well as variability of quality
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Soil Fertility Cover Crops Cover crops improve the soilrsquos physical properties with carbon and nitrogen cycling 1048708 Some cover crops actually suppress certain parasitic nematodes and soil borne diseases
ie rye triticale mustards 1048708 Cover crops have superb weed suppressing effects by competing with weeds for light and smothering unwanted plants or through allelopathy 1048708 Reduce erosion and attract beneficial bugs
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Composting
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 17
Economically sustainable
Provides a secure living for farm families
Provides a secure living to other workers in the food system
Provides access to good food for all
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Economic Sustainability
Selecting profitable enterprises Sound financial planning Direct marketing Risk management
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 19
Environmentally Sound
Preserves thequality of soilwater and air
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
20
What is Environment
Typical definition looks at physical surrounding (land air water plants living non living organisms etc)
Contemporary definition include social economical and political components of environment
General definition include institutional frame work capacity investment climate geopolitical constraints etc are non physical elements of the environment in which every ecosystem has to operate and survive
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
21
Threats to environment
1 Global warming caused by the greenhouse effect
2 The depletion of the ozone layer3 Air pollution4 Water pollution5 Groundwater depletion6 Chemical pollution
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Environmental Sustainability
Sustainable agriculture can be viewed as management of a production system where there is a multitude of complex interactions occurring between soil water plants animals climate and people 1048708 The GOAL is to integrate all these components
into a solid production system that benefits all participants 1048708 Farms stay environmentally sustainable by mimicking natural processes and ecosystem function 1048708 Diversifying our farms with various enterprises both animals and crops we manage risks a whole lot bet
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Farm as an Ecosystem Energy Flow
Energy flow is the pathway of sunlight through a biological system In relation to the farm energy capture is
enhanced by maximizing the leaf area available for
photsynthesis and by cycling the stored energy through the food chain We make money in farming by capturing sunlight ndash in essence we are farming the sun (and the soil)
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Farm as an Ecosystem Water Cycle
An effective water cycle includes no soilerosion fast water entry into the soil and thesoilrsquos ability to store water
Management decisions on the farm that add toground cover and soil organic matter onlyenhance the natural water cycle
Effective water use on the farm results in low surfacerunoff low soil surface evaporation low droughtincidence low flood incidence high transpiration byplants and high seepage of water to undergroundreservoirs (Savory and Butterfield 1999)
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Water Cycle Source United States Climate Change Global Research Program 2001
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Farm as an EcosystemMineral Cycle
In nature minerals needed for plant and animal
growth are continuously being recycled through the ecosystem An effective mineral cycle is one where there is a movement of nutrients from the soil to crops and animals and then back to the soil basically a circle of nutrient renewal Ways to enhance this cycle on the farm include on-farm feeding of livestock careful management of manure and crop residues and practices that prevent erosion
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Farm as an Ecosystem Biodiversity
A farm will be dynamic and healthy if it has a
high diversity of plants and animals (above
ground and below) GREATERDIVERSITY = GREATERSTABILITY
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 30
Socially sustainable
Good for families Supports
communities Fair to all involved
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Social Sustainability
Buying farm supplies locally rather than from outof- state 1048708 Educating your community about sustainable food production 1048708 Direct marketing through CSAs and farmersrsquo markets builds community and social sustainability 1048708 School tours and farm internships 1048708 Quality of life on the farm for everyone involved with clear communication and general happiness with farm wor
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Bringing It All TogetherIntegrated Farming Systems
Goal is to find and adopt integrated and resource-efficient
crop and livestock systems that maintain productivity that are
profitable and that protect the environment and the personal
health of farmers and their families as well as overcoming
the barriers to adoption of more sustainable agricultural
systems so these systems can serve as a foundation upon
which rural American communities will be revitalized
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Types of Sustainable Farming
Organic farming Biodynamic Permaculture Agroecological Systems Low-input
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Why Sustainable AgricultureEnvironmental Damage
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
Why Sustainable Agriculture
Economic concentration of agribusiness gives
farmers little power or control over production
marketing and distribution 1048708 Loss of farms --155000 farms were
lost from 1987 to 1997 and 30 million acres have
been lost to development
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 36
Goals A desired endPractices Actions to achieve a goal
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 37
How do you get to goals
Figure out where you are Analyze your strengths and
weaknesses Select strategies (practices) Keep monitoring your progress Re-evaluate your goals and plans
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 38
Where are we
What are the Strengths
and Weaknesses
of our current agricultural system
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 39
Successes
Abundant Food Supply In The Developed World
Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Available Year-round
CHEAP FOOD Luxury foods such as coffee tea chocolate
and spices easily available around the world Effective food preservation technologies
(refrigeration freezing canning packaging) Convenience Foods Mechanization Produces High Labor Efficiency Improvements In Soil Conservation Availability Of Agricultural Inputs For Quick
Solutions To Production Problems
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
April 15 2023 Toward a Sustainable Agriculture 40
Problems
Continuing soil loss Food safety concerns (mad cow disease food
poisoning outbreaks antibiotic resistance toxins and pesticides)
Water pollution air pollution (amp odors) habitat loss water depletion
Continuing hunger ndash and rise of obesity Failing farms economic uncertainty and stress Declining communities Farm accidents chronic diseases linked to
agricultural chemicals Reliance on fossil fuels global warming Farmland loss to development ugly countryside Difficulty of starting in farming
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
41
Recommendations for the Preparation of agriculture system to combat with WTO regime in contest of sustainable agriculture
1 Increase in per unit yield developing new crops vegetables fruits varieties and livestock breeds
2 IPM measures should be launched
3 Farmerrsquos education and awareness
4 Crop rotation is needed to minimize the adverse affects of insects
5Drought resistance tolerant crop
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
42
Contd
6 Diversification of crops economic use of water resources
7 Establishment of food processing units and cold storages
8 Development and improvement of indigenous breed of buffaloes
9 Implementation of legislation relating to use of pesticides fertilizers and veterinary drugs
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
43
Contd
10 WTO cell establishment and then creating awareness
11Soil and water conservation 12Laser leveling 13No till practices
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
44
Our role to further Strengthen the Link
To achieve the goal of sustainable agriculture all the stake holders including farmers policy makers extension agents environmental agents researchers play their own part their own unique contribution in strengthening the sustainable agriculture community
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
45
Globalization
Is the present era of WTO regulated regulations namely TRIPSSPS etc the agriculture productivity tools have significantly changed To keep pace with the changing environment agriculture sector needs to be reorganized on sustainable lines
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
46
At the end
Agriculture has a potential to make world greener and its judicious development can conserve the resources therefore policies and practices which regulate inputs use and conserve nature should be promoted
47
47
