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A presentation by Alec Kowalewski, Assistant Professor at Oregon State University. Outline: - Integrated Pest Management (IPM) - Primary Cultural Practices - Mowing - Fertilization - Irrigation - Cultivation and inter-seeding - Management of… - False dandelion - White clover - Annual bluegrass
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Weed Management Practices for Sports FieldsAlec KowalewskiTurfgrass Specialist Oregon State University [email protected]
Weed Management Practices for Sports Fields• Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Primary Cultural Practices • Mowing • Fertilization• Irrigation
• Cultivation and inter-seeding
• Management of…• False dandelion • White clover • Annual bluegrass
Primary Cultural Practices
1. Mowing2. Fertilizing 3. Irrigation
Primary Cultural Practices
Ferti
lizer
Mow
ing
Irrigation
Turfgrass
Primary Cultural Practices
Mow
ing
Irrigation
Primary Cultural Practices
Turfgrass
Mowing
Irrigation
Primary Cultural Practices
Turfg
rass
Ferti
lizer
Mow
ing
Irrigation
Turfgrass
Primary Cultural Practices
MOWING
6”
4”
4.5”
3” 3”
2”1.5”
1”
Des
ired
Mow
ing
Hei
ght
Mow
ing
foll
owin
g 1
/3 R
ule
Mowing• The one-third rule
Mowing • The one-third rule
Mowing• The one-third rule• Prevent scalping
• Scalping…• Causes a brown appearance• Stops growth and development• Depletes carbohydrates• Makes turf susceptible to environmental stress
Sunlight
4”
Sunlight
3”
Mowing • The one-third rule• Prevent weed seed germination
Mowing
Sunlight Sunlight
4”
2”
• The one-third rule• Prevent weed seed germination
Mowing• Raise your mowing height• Adhere to the one-third rule• Improve rooting
Mowing• Raise your mowing height• Prevent weed seed germination
Sunlight Sunlight
4”
2”
Mowing• Raise your mowing height
• Raising the height from 1.5” to 3.0”• Improved turfgrass quality • Reduced weed populations• Crabgrass cover by up to 52% • Dandelion populations by up to 45%• White clover by up to 58%
Kentucky bluegrass, perennial ryegrass and fine fescue mixture
Mowing
Ragweed Garlic mustard
• Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density• Weed control
• Lambsquarter• Ragweed• Purslane• Garlic mustard
Mowing
35 days
• Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density• Weed control
• Lambsquarter• Ragweed• Purslane• Garlic mustard
Mowing
42 days
• Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density• Weed control
• Lambsquarter• Ragweed• Purslane• Garlic mustard
Mowing
49 days
• Increase your mowing frequency • Adhere to the one-third rule • Increase turfgrass density• Weed control
• Lambsquarter• Ragweed• Purslane• Garlic mustard
Mowing • Weeds that indicate your mowing height is to low…• Annual bluegrass• Crabgrass • Dandelion
Crabgrass
Annual bluegrass
MOWING
FERTILIZATION
Fertilization• Select a fertilizer designed for turfgrass• Primary nutrient (N-P-K)
• High N• Low P• 10:1
Fertilization• The holiday plan• 3-5 lbs N 1000 ft2 year
• Memorial day • 1.0-1.5 lbs N 1000 ft2
• 4th of July • 0.5-1.0 lbs N 1000 ft2
• Labor day• 0.5-1.0 lbs N 1000 ft2
• Thanksgiving• 1.0-1.5 lbs 1000 ft2
Fertilization• The holiday plan• Cool-season turfgrass species
• Kentucky bluegrass• Perennial ryegrass• Fine fescue• Tall fescue
Fertilization
Fertilization • Low fertility weeds include…• White clover• Plantain • Black medic
White clover
PlantainBlack medic
FERTILIZATION
IRRIGATION
Irrigation • Adjust your rates with the seasons • Spring
• 0.0-0.75 inch week• Summer
• 0.75-1.5 inch week• Fall
• 0.0-0.75 inch week
Irrigation• Check your rates• 20 minutes
• 0.1 inch• 0.25 inch• 0.5 inch
Irrigation• Twice as much is not twice as good• Moss
Irrigation• Twice as much is not twice as good• Increased disease incidence
Dollar spot Pythium blight Brown patch
• Twice as much is not twice as good• Leaching pesticides and fertilizers• Waste of water and money
Irrigation
• Weeds associated with drought conditions… • Summer annuals
• Knotweed • Wood sorrel • Crabgrass
Irrigation
Crabgrass
Knotweed woodsorrel
Irrigation • Weeds associated with over irrigation…• Annual bluegrass• Rough bluegrass
Rough bluegrass
Annual bluegrass
IRRIGATION
CULTIVATION & INTER-SEEDING
Cultivation• What is your objective when cultivating the turfgrass?
Cultivation• Objectives • Relive compaction
• Improves gas exchange and drainage• Remove organic matter
• Decreases potential for disease• Improves drainage
• Prepare for seeding• Ensures seed to soil contact
Cultivation
Cultivation
Cultivation • Annual weeds • Annual bluegrass (winter annual)• Crabgrass (summer annual)• Purse lane (summer annual)• Knotweed
Cultivation • Annual weeds • Annual bluegrass (winter annual)• Crabgrass (summer annual)• Purse lane (summer annual)• Knotweed
Summer annual germination
Cultivation • Annual weeds • Annual bluegrass (winter annual)• Crabgrass (summer annual)• Purse lane (summer annual)• Knotweed
Cultivation • Annual weeds• Pre-emergent herbicides
• Non-selective • Pendulum (a.i. pendimethalin)
• $54/54,000 sq ft
• Selective • Tupersan (a.i. siduron) • Tenacity (a.i. mesotrione)
• $98/54,000 sq ft
• Inter-seeding • $1,440/54,000 sq ft
• 600 lbs
Knotweed – Summer annual
Fall – After 1st frost
Non-selective pre-emergent herbicide. Applied in the spring.
No inter-seeding.
Cultivation • Annual weeds• Pre-emergent herbicides
• Non-selective • Pendulum (a.i. pendimethalin)
• $54/54,000 sq ft
• Selective • Tupersan (a.i. siduron) • Tenacity (a.i. mesotrione)
• $98/54,000 sq ft
• Inter-seeding • $1,440/54,000 sq ft
• 600 lbs
Knotweed – Summer annual
Fall – After 1st frost
Non-selective pre-emergent herbicide. Applied in the spring.
No inter-seeding.
Inter-seeding • Perennial ryegrass• Growth habit
• Bunch type
• Germination • 7 to 10 days
• Inter-seeding rate• 8 to 11 lbs/1,000 sq ft
CULTIVATION & INTER-SEEDING
WEED MANAGEMENT
Weed Management • Common turf weeds…• 1. false dandelion• 2. white clover • 5. annual bluegrass
False dandelion White clover Annual bluegrass
FALSE DANDELION
False dandelion• Scouting and ID • Perennial weed • Spring seeding • Drought tolerant
False dandelion• Post emergence herbicides (curative)• 3-way broadleaf herbicide
• 2,4-D• MCPP• Dicamba
Common dandelion Broadleaf plantain Sow thistle
False dandelion
• Apply in the fall (October 4 = 10/4 Good Buddy)
False dandelion
• Apply in the fall (October 4 = 10/4 Good Buddy)
False dandelion
False dandelion• Follow up applications… • Apply and then apply again 2-4 weeks later
Effects of Defendor and Dimension on catsear dandelion in perennial ryegrass, observed 8 weeks after Spring treatment in Corvallis. OR on July 2, 2013.
• **Trt 6. Rotation:• 1st app Dimension 2 EW + Defendor (1.0 + 0.25 pt/A)• 2nd app Dimension 2 EW + Trimec Classic (1.0 + 4.0 pt/A)
Trt Treatments*% Weed Control
8 WAT1 Dimension 2 EW 0.02 Dimension 2 EW + 4Wks 0.03 Defendor 93.94 Defendor + 4 wks 100.05 Dimension 2 EW + Defendor 93.36 Rotation (See Below)** 100.07 Trimec Classic + Dimension 2 EW + 4 Wks 100.08 Trimec Classic 92.59 Untreated 0.0
LSD 4.6
Effects of Defendor and Dimension on catsear dandelion in perennial ryegrass, observed 8 weeks after Spring treatment in Corvallis. OR on July 2, 2013.
• **Trt 6. Rotation:• 1st app Dimension 2 EW + Defendor (1.0 + 0.25 pt/A) • 2nd app Dimension 2 EW + Trimec Classic (1.0 + 4.0 pt/A)
Trt Treatments*% Weed Control
8 WAT1 Dimension 2 EW 0.02 Dimension 2 EW + 4Wks 0.03 Defendor 93.94 Defendor + 4 wks 100.05 Dimension 2 EW + Defendor 93.36 Rotation (See Below)** 100.07 Trimec Classic + Dimension 2 EW + 4 Wks 100.08 Trimec Classic 92.59 Untreated 0.0
LSD 4.6
FALSE DANDELION
WHITE CLOVER
White clover• Perennial weed• Nitrogen deficient soil• White flower • Circular leaves
White clover• Post emergence herbicides (curative)• Triclopyr • Fluroxypyr• 2,4-D + triclopyr
Chickweed English daisy Wild violet
White clover
• Apply in the fall (October 4 = 10/4 Good Buddy)• Apply and then apply again 2-4 weeks later
False dandelion
WHITE CLOVER
ANNUAL BLUEGRASS
• Initiated Summer 2010• Lewis Brown Turf Farm, Corvallis, OR
Spreading ryegrass trial
• Seeding date: June 15, 2010 • Seeding rate: 6 lbs/1,000 ft2
• Fertility rate: 4 lbs N/1,000 ft2
Spreading ryegrass trial
• Mowing height • 0.625”• 1.25”• 2.0”
Spreading ryegrass trial
Annual bluegrass encroachment‘SR 4600’
‘Fiesta 4’
‘Natural Knit’
‘RPR’
0.625”
Lorenz Soccer Field, Corvallis, OR
‘SR4600’ maintained at 0.625”. Seeded 2011.
Lorenz Soccer Field, Corvallis, OR
‘SR4600’ maintained at 0.625”. Seeded 2011.
Some preemergence herbicides effective on annual bluegrass include…
Common name active ingredientPendulum pendimethalin
Prograss ethofumesateBalan benefin
Bensumec bensulideDimension dithiopyr
Quali-Pro Prodiamine prodiamine
Product Cost of Product
Apps Total
Pendulum $54.00 2 $108.00Prograss $297.00 3 $891.00
Grand Total $999.00
Estimated costs of a Pre/Postemergence Chemical Control Program of Annual bluegrass on a 54,000 ft2 field. It is important to note that cost can vary considerably according to product and control is often variable.
OSU Softball Complex, Corvallis, OR
Mixed stand of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass, 10 years plus
OSU Softball Complex, Corvallis, OR
Mixed stand of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass, 10 years plus
OSU Softball Complex, Corvallis, OR
Mixed stand of perennial ryegrass and annual bluegrass, 10 years plus
Annual bluegrass encroachment
Lorenz field Seeded 2011
OSU Softball Seeded 2000
Annual bluegrass encroachment
Lorenz field Seeded 2011
OSU Softball Seeded 2000
Weed Management Practices for Sports FieldsAlec KowalewskiTurfgrass Specialist Oregon State University [email protected]
