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Watercolor First Day Summer 2016
Glenn Hirsch, Instructor
watercolor is about COLOR
color that is LAYERED in TRANSPARENT glazes
Emile Nolde 1923
Emile Nolde
Emile Nolde
German Expressionist artists favored watercolor to convey strong emotion
watercolor is about WATER
flowing, spontaneous and freeJohn Singer Sargent, c. 1912
John Singer Sargent, c. 1920
Watercolor in about DRAWING
John Singer Sargent, c. 1919
Watercolor is about PORTABILITYallows painting outside, capturing the moment
Joseph Turner, Venice Sunrise, 1840, 8 x10 in
watercolor is about the BRUSH
Brush technique can be smooth and seamless, or wild and free or ... something in between
Oskar Kokoschka, c. 1922
A really flowing brush- a wild party !Andre Derain, c. 1910
Georgia O'Keefe, c. 1920
When brush marks are minimized, then watercolor can also achieve amazing photo realism!
Mary Snowden, c. 1985
“Photorealist“ watercolor like this demands perfect drawing which is then patiently 'colored-in'
Richard McLean, 1975
Robert Bechtel, 1985
Student work, John Heisch
watercolor in HISTORY
ARTISTS FAMOUS FOR THEIR WATERCOLORS
Franklin BoothFranz MarcFred MartinFrederick Childe HassamGeorgia O'KeefeGerard Richter Gustave DoreHelen FrankenthalerHonore DaumierJohn ConstableJohn James AudubonJohn MarinJohn Singer SargentJoseph William TurnerJoseph Raffael
Lisbeth SpengerLouise StanleyMary CassatMary SnowdenMaurice PrendergastPaul Cezanne Paul KleePhilip PearlsteinRaoul DufyRobert BechtleSam FrancisThomas EakinsThomas GainsboroughThomas MoranWassily KandinskyWilliam BlakeWinslow Homer
Albrecht DürerAnders ZornAndrew WyethArthur DoveArthur RackhamArthur SzykCharles BurchfieldCharles DemuthEdmund DulacEdward HopperEgon SchieleEmil NoldeEric FischlErnst Ludwig KirchnerEugene DelacroixFrancesco Clemente
watercolor was traditionally used to plan large, complex oil paintingsEugene Delacroix, c. 1835
Watercolor was traditionally used to capture natureClaude Lorraine, 1630
Before photography, watercolor was used by explorers to document their travels
Karl Bodmer (1809-1893), Portrait of Kiäsax
Watercolor was popular among the French Impressionists
Berthe Morisot, 1885
Watercolor has always been favored by artists who use their imagination.
Gustav Moreau (1826-1898)Sappho
Watercolor has always been favored by artists who use their imagination.
Study for sculpture by Claus Oldenberg, 1964
Today many contemporary artists continue to use watercolor as their primary medium Elizabeth Peyton
Elizabeth Peyton
what is watercolor made of?
watercolor is powdered pigment suspended in gum arabic, with a little glycerin and honey added.
pigments are derived from minerals, plants or metals
gum arabic is exuded by acacia trees, used in the food industry, in glue, as the binder for watercolor paints, and in incense.
glycerin is a colorless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture. It is used as an emollient and laxative, and for making
explosives and antifreeze.
honey added so it's more gooey!
what is watercolor technique?
control the value of the color by DILUTING IT WITH WATER– start with very light tones and only use dark at the end
In a landscape, light tones recede and dark tones advance
paint the background first and let it DRY
white paint is not usedinstead the white is 'reserved'
allowing the paper to show through
Andrew Wyeth
Andrew Wyeth
“Reserving the white” = preserving the white paper where you want “white”
Hirsch
Work from light to dark
Allow each step to dry before proceeding to the next
Step by Step
Work from light to dark
Allow each step to dry before proceeding to the next
Student work in progress – on a large 30x40 paper taped to a table
the brown and pink is painted underneath, and then the dark blue sky is painted on top, after the bottom layer is dry !
Watercolor can also be combined with opaque white gouache or acrylic in a ‘mixed media’ technique.
you can see white strokes painted on the hull of the boat, and then glazed over with a transparent blue.
John Singer Sargent, (detail), c. 1920
Color ‘Theory’
we use warm and cool versions of each color to enhance the feeling of “light”
the chromatic scale
• Light to dark• Bright to dull• Warm to cool
The chromatic scale enhances the illusion of “light”
• Lighter value in the light• Brighter intensity in the light• Warmer (orangey) red in the light
(vs bluer purplish red) in the shadow
Charles Demuth, 1930
What’s ahead:syllabus week by
week
Week 2
still life (apples) + more color ‘theory’
next week bring an apple to class
Then the homework is to paint a still life
Joseph Raffael
week 3: paint a master study
and then an original response to it
Student study of Winslow Homer and response (working from a photo)
study of Oskar Kokoschka and student response (working from a National Geographic photo)
Top: student study of John Singer Sargent Bottom: response: painting of a figure
student study of Winslow Homer and then a painting of student’s front yard in his style
Weeks 3-4: trees and landscape space
John Singer Sargent, 1900
Hirsch
Hirsch
Student workSusan Shipley
Student work Leslie Flemming
Student work Kevin Dame
Student workEllen Fox
student work
week 6-7portraits
John Singer Sargent, 1910
Emile Nolde 1930
Louise Stanley 1996
weeks 8-9-10course project:
a series of 3+ paintings
what we’ll do today
ABSTRACTION
exploring the brush
How many ways are there to use a brush?
Wet-in-WetWet-over-dry
Stamping, Rolling, ScratchingDry BrushImpasto
Transparent glazes
Helen Frankenthaler
Mark Rothko
Fred Martin
Fred Martin