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Warlord China, 1912-27
Learning Objectives:
• Describe how China was ruled
after the 1911 Revolution.
• Examine the effects of Yuan’s
rule on China
• Describe the key features of
China under the Warlords
Key Words, People & Places:
National Assembly
Guomindang
Twenty-One DemandsWarlords
Outline the main economic, social, and political
problems in China at the turn of the century?
Starter: China 1900
Constitutional Republic was set up in 1912.
What should this have looked like?
• Democracy – President would share tasks with an elected parliament.
• Elections of the parliament was known as the National Assembly. First took place in 1913.
Who won the majority of the seats in this first election?
Presidency of
Yuan Shi Kai
LO:Describe
how China was
ruled after the
1911 Revolution.
This was Sun Yat Sun’s new People’s National Party.
GuomindangLO:Describe
how China was
ruled after the
1911 Revolution.
How did Yuan Shi Kai feel about the outcome of the 1913 elections?
• He felt the National Assembly dominated by the GMD was slow, inefficient and corrupt.
What did Yuan Shi Kai do in January 1914?
• Dissolved the National Assembly – made himself President for the next ten years.
• Had support from European Powers – Why?
• Need to protect trading interests
• End 1914 Yuan ruled as a dictator in 12 of the 18 provinces.
Who ensured that they provinces remained loyal to Yuan and why?
Guomindang (GMD)LO:Describe
how China was
ruled after the
1911 Revolution.
1915 – Yuan attempted to become the next emperor
of China. His dynasty would be called ‘The Grand
Constitutional Era’ - What is ironic about the above
statement?
Three groups opposed Yuan becoming emperor.
Who were they and why did they oppose the idea?
• Guomindang – Democratic Government
• Generals /Military Commanders – Lose power
• Japanese – wanted to control large areas of
China.
A New Emperor!LO:Describe
how China was
ruled after the
1911 Revolution.
What were the twenty One demands?
Japan wanted control of many of China’s factories, railways and ports. If China did not agree Japan would invade.
How did the Chinese People view Yuan’s response?
Christmas Day 1915 – Army in Yunnan rebelled – other provinces soon followed.
Dropped plans to become emperor and died soon after in 1916.
Twenty One DemandsLO: Examine
the effects of
Yuan’s rule on
China
With Yuan Shi Kai now gone China fell apart as no one leader strong enough to rule. Central Government collapsed and from 1916 to 1927 the Warlords fought each other for control. Brutality during this period extensive
The Time of the
Warlords
LO:Describe the
key features of
China under the
Warlords
The Time of the
Warlords
LO:Describe the
key features of
China under the
Warlords
They fought for control of Beijing, to be recognised as the official
government of China . The effects were disastrous, particularly on the
peasants who were raped and pillaged and forced to pay taxes up to 30
years in advance, for their “protection and safety”.
Li Yuanbong Zhang Zuolin Yan Xishan Feng Yuxiang
Read the article on ISLE and complete the true
and false questions below.
Now use the information that you have read to
describe the key features of China under the
Warlords.
• Economy
• Political
• Industrial
• Law and Order
The Time of the
Warlords
LO:Describe the
key features of
China under the
Warlords
You are going to prepare a presentation in groups that will be delivered next lesson to the class.
The topics are as follows:
• The New Tide & the May 4th Movement
• The Guomindang
• The Chinese Communist Party & The First United Front, 1922-27
• The First Northern Expedition, 1926-7 & the Shanghai Massacre 1927
Homework
• Why did many Chinese believe the 1911
Revolution had been betrayed?
• What was the May 4th Movement of 1919 and
why did it happen?
• What was the ultimate aim of the movement?
• What changes did its supporters advocate as a
way to achieve this goal? Why might this be
ironic?
The New Tide
• What had happened to Sun and the GMD since his resignation as president in 1912?
• What was their main aim?
• What did Sun and the GMD have in common with the CCP in the early 1920s?
• Explain how the GMD changed between 1917 to 1925 with regards to the following:– The Three Principles
– Relations with the Soviet Union
– Organisation
– Relations with the CCP
The Guomindang
• Who founded the party, when and where?
• Why do you think Marixsm was attractive to the Chinese revolutionaries?
• What was this and where was it based?
• What was its purpose and why was it attractive to the GMD and the CCP?
• Define the roles of the following:– Sun Yat Sen
– Chiang Kai Shek
– Mao Zedong
– Chou En Lai– Abram Joffe
– Michael Borodin
– General Galen
The Chinese Communist Party and
the First United Front, 1922-27
• Why did Chiang replace Sun as Leader of the
GMD in 1925?
• What was the result of the first Northern
Expedition, 1926-27?
• Why was is successful?
• What happened in Shanghai in 1927?
• Where else was it repeated?
• Why?
The First Northern Expedition & the
Shanghai Massacre