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© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
Software-Defined Data Center
Module 2
2-2
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Course Introduction
Software-Defined Data Center
Creating Virtual Machines
VMware vCenter Server
Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks
Configuring and Managing Virtual Storage
Virtual Machine Management
Access and Authentication Control
Resource Management and Monitoring
High Availability and Fault Tolerance
Host Scalability
Patch Management
Installing vSphere Components
You Are Here
2-3
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
VMware vSphere® software suite is based on many components with
which a vSphere administrator should be familiar. You must
understand the following vSphere concepts and best practices:
The basic concept of virtualization, VMware ESXi™, and the virtual
machine
The fundamental vSphere components and how vSphere can be
used in your software-defined data center
How the VMware vSphere® Client™ and VMware vSphere® Web
Client are used to administrate and manage vSphere
environments
Importance
2-4
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Lesson 1: Introduction to the Software-Defined Data Center
Lesson 2: vSphere Client
Lesson 3: Overview of ESXi
Module Lessons
2-5
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Lesson 1:
Introduction to the Software-Defined Data
Center
2-6
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following
objectives:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines
Describe how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud and the software-defined data center
Learner Objectives
2-7
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Data Center Physical Infrastructure
Fibre Channel
Storage
Fibre
Channel Ethernet
NFS
Storage
iSCSI
Storage Network
Applications
Operating System
Physical Host
2-8
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Introducing the Virtual Infrastructure
Hypervisor
ESXi Host
Fibre
Channel
Fibre Channel
Storage
Ethernet
NFS
Storage
iSCSI
Storage
Network
Virtual
Machines
2-9
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Physical and Virtual Architecture
virtual architecture
x64 architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
x64 architecture
operating system
application
2-10
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Software-Defined Data Center
vSphere and the Software-Defined Data Center
vSphere
Pooled Storage
Pooled Computing
Pooled Networking and Security
Automation
Virtual Data Center 2
Data Center Services
Virtual Data Center 1
Data Center Services
2-11
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Reasons to Use Virtual Machines
Easy to relocate:
Encapsulated into files
Independent of physical hardware
Easy to manage:
Isolated from other virtual machines
Insulated from hardware changes
Provides the ability to support
legacy applications
Allows servers to be consolidated
Virtual machine Physical machine
Difficult to relocate:
Moves require downtime
Specific to physical hardware
Difficult to manage:
Requires physical maintenance
Hardware failures cause downtime
Hardware has limitations:
Hardware changes limit application
support
Servers are physically individual
2-12
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Resource Sharing
vSphere
x64
architecture
2-13
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
x64 architecture
operating system
application
CPU Virtualization
virtual architecture
x64 architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
2-14
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Physical and Virtualized Host Memory Usage
physical architecture virtual architecture
x64 architecture
operating system
x64 architecture
vSphere
application
1GB 2GB 8GB
2-15
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Physical and Virtual Networking
virtual architecture
vSphere
physical architecture
x64 architecture
operating system
application
virtual switch
x64 architecture
2-16
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Physical File Systems and vSphere VMFS
physical architecture virtual architecture
x64 architecture
operating system
application
x64 architecture
vSphere
x64 architecture
vSphere
NTFS, ext3, UFS VMFS
2-17
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Encapsulation
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
Datastore (VMware
vSphere® VMFS or NFS)
2-18
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
VMFS
Linux/UNIX
Windows
File-System Layouts
C: D: E:
/
usr etc opt
/
vmfs
Local
VM 1
VM 2
VM 3
VM 4
SAN
volumes
2-19
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
hybrid
cloud
Installing vSphere creates a
virtual infrastructure.
Your virtual machines
run in this virtual
infrastructure.
VMware® vCloud Director®
enables you to create a
cloud.
Third-party providers can
host public or private
clouds.
VMware® clouds empower
you to run your virtual
machines in a private,
public, or hybrid cloud to fit
your business needs.
How vSphere Fits into Cloud Computing
private
cloud
public
cloud
2-20
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Individual departments or internal corporate organizations (divisions) are able
to deploy and manage IT infrastructure through virtual systems as needed.
IT capabilities are provided as a service, over an intranet, in the enterprise, and
behind the firewall.
About Private Clouds
Gizmo
division
Widget
division
Human
Resources
Sales
enterprise private cloud
Internet Advantages
Self-service provisioning
Elasticity of resources
Rapid and simplified provisioning
Secured multitenancy
Improved use of IT resources
Better control of IT budgets
2-21
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Advantages
A cloud service provider hosts general IT operations for multiple businesses.
IT resources are provided as a service over the Internet.
A public cloud is similar to a utility or an Internet service provider.
About Public Clouds
company
A
company
B
cloud service provider
company
C
Public clouds have all of the advantages of a private cloud:
• Customer management of IT
• Rapid and flexible deployments
• Efficient and cost-effective deployments
• Secure IT assets
Customer companies no longer have IT as an ongoing overhead expense.
2-22
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Some cloud-based assets are accessible internally over an intranet.
Some cloud-based assets are accessible externally over the Internet.
Companies first move applications and data to their private cloud.
Companies can reap additional cost savings by moving to an externally accessible cloud.
Applications are transitioned by using software that meets open standards.
About Hybrid Clouds
App
Loads App
Loads
App
Loads
Hybrid
Cloud
Private
Clouds
Public
Clouds
Bridge Management Management
vSphere vSphere
2-23
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
VMware Complete Cloud Infrastructure & Management Suite
Management and Automation
Network / Security
Compute
vCloud Automation Center
vCenter Operations Management Suite
IT Business Management Suite
NSX
vCloud Networking and Security
Storage / Availability
Virtual SAN
vCenter Site Recovery Manager
vCenter Server and vCloud Director
vSphere
2-24
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
You should be able to meet the following objectives:
Compare and contrast physical and virtual architectures
Describe the benefits of using virtual machines
Describe how vSphere interacts with CPUs, memory, networks, and disks
Describe how vSphere fits into the cloud and the software-defined data center
Review of Learner Objectives
2-25
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Lesson 2:
vSphere Client
2-26
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following
objectives:
Identify the user interfaces used with ESXi and VMware® vCenter™
Download and install the vSphere Client
Describe the navigation panes in the vSphere Client
Learner Objectives
2-27
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
User Interfaces
vSphere Client
vSphere Web Client
ESXi
host
your
desktop
vCenter
Server
2-28
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
vSphere Client is an
interface that you use to
connect remotely to
VMware® vCenter Server™
or an ESXi host from a
Windows system.
To download the vSphere
Client:
Use the VMware vCenter Server Installer.
Download the client from the vCenter Server system or an ESXi host.
• Internet access is required.
Downloading vSphere Client
Download the
vSphere Client to a
supported Windows
system.
Point to the vCenter
Server or ESXi host.
2-29
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
In the vSphere Client login
window, enter the following:
Host name or IP address of
ESXi host or vCenter Server
User name
Password for that user
(Optional) Use your Windows
session credentials.
Using vSphere Client
2-30
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
vSphere Client: Configuration Tab
2-31
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Viewing Processor and Memory Configuration
2-32
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Use vSphere Client to view logs.
Viewing ESXi System Logs
Export system
logs to an archive
file:
Send to VMware support.
2-33
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Viewing Licensed Features
XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
2-34
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Install student desktop components
1. Access Your Student Desktop System
2. Install the vSphere Client
Lab 1: Installing VMware vSphere GUIs
2-35
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
You should be able to meet the following objectives:
Identify the user interfaces used with ESXi and VMware® vCenter™
Download and install the vSphere Client
Describe the navigation panes in the vSphere Client
Review of Learner Objectives
2-36
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Lesson 3:
Overview of ESXi
2-37
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following
objectives:
Describe ESXi architecture
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host
View ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• Licensing
• NTP client
• DNS and routing
• Security profile
Identify user account best practices
Learner Objectives
2-38
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
ESXi has the following availability and features:
Available for purchase with vSphere 5.5 or as a a free version that can be downloaded
High security
• Memory hardening
• Kernel module integrity
• Trusted platform module
Small disk footprint
Installable on hard disks, SAN LUNs, USB devices, SD cards, or diskless hosts
ESXi
2-39
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Physical and Virtual Architecture
VMware hypervisor –
VMkernel
VMM VMM VMM VMM VMM
Web Client
vCenter Server
vSphere Client
vCLI
(scripting)
vSphere API/DSK CIM
(hardware mgmt)
2-40
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
The direct console user interface (DCUI) is similar to the BIOS of a
computer with a keyboard-only user interface.
Configuring ESXi
2-41
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:
Set a root password (complex passwords only).
Enable or disable lockdown mode:
• Limits host management to vCenter Server and user root access to DCUI only
Configuring ESXi: root Access
2-42
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
The DCUI allows you to modify network settings:
Host name
IP configuration (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway)
DNS servers
Configuring ESXi: Management Network
2-43
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
The DCUI allows an administrator to do the following:
Configure keyboard layout.
View support information.
View system logs.
Enable troubleshooting services, when required.
Configuring ESXi: Other Settings
2-44
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a
client-server protocol used to
synchronize a computer’s clock to a
time reference.
NTP is important:
For accurate performance graphs
For accurate time stamps in log messages
So that virtual machines have a source to synchronize with
An ESXi host can be configured as an NTP client.
It can synchronize time with an NTP server on the Internet or your corporate NTP server.
ESXi as an NTP Client
NTP
server
NTP
client
NTP
server
NTP
server
ESXi host
NTP client uses
UDP over port 123
to communicate
with NTP server.
2-45
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
The DNS and Routing link enables you to apply these settings:
Host name and domain
DNS server addresses and search domains
Default VMkernel gateway
Network Settings: DNS and Routing
2-46
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
On ESXi hosts:
Remote clients are prevented from accessing services on the host.
Local clients are prevented from accessing services on remote hosts.
Unless configured otherwise, daemons will start and stop with the ESXi host:
• For example, DCUI or NTP server
Remote Access Settings: Security Profile
2-47
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
You should implement the following user account best practices:
Strictly control root privileges to the ESXi host.
Use the vSphere Client to manage the ESXi host.
Ideally, use vCenter Server – and thus vCenter Server user accounts – to manage hosts.
ESXi User Account Best Practices
2-48
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Configure an ESXi host
1. Connect to an ESXi Host with the vSphere Client
2. View the Host Hardware Configuration
3. Configure the DNS and Routing Information for an ESXi Host
4. Configure an ESXi Host as an NTP Client
5. Configure an ESXi Host to Use the Directory Services
Lab 2: Configuring VMware ESXi
2-49
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
You should be able to meet the following objectives:
Describe ESXi architecture
Use the vSphere Client to access an ESXi host
View ESXi settings:
• Processor and memory configuration
• Licensing
• NTP client
• DNS and routing
• Security profile
Identify user account best practices
Review of Learner Objectives
2-50
© 2013 VMware Inc. All rights reserved
VMware vSphere: Install, Configure, Manage
Using virtual machines solves many data center problems.
Virtual machines are hardware independent.
Virtual machines share the physical resources of the ESXi host on which they reside.
A virtual machine is a set of files that are easy to transfer and back up.
Virtual machine files are encapsulated into a folder and placed on a datastore.
ESXi runs directly on the host.
vSphere abstracts CPU, memory, storage, and networking for virtual machine use.
Questions?
Key Points