Vacuoles & vesicles• Function• moving material

around cell• storage

• Structure• membrane sac

small foodparticle

vesicle

vacuole filled w/ digestive enzymes

vesicle filled w/ digested nutrients

• Plant cells contain a large central vacuole• The vacuole is

bordered by a membrane called the tonoplast• The vacuole contains

cell sap. This is a solution of mineral salts, sugars, oxygen , carbon dioxide, pigments and enzymes• Vacuoles help to

regulate the flow of water by osmosis into and out of the cell

NucleusNucleusFree ribosomesFree ribosomes

Rough endoplasmic reticulumRough endoplasmic reticulum

MitochondrionMitochondrion

Golgi bodyGolgi body

Large centralvacuoleLarge centralvacuole

TonoplastTonoplastPlant Cell Vacuoles

Food & water storage

plant cells

contractilevacuole

animal cells

central vacuole

food vacuole

Lysosomes• Function • little “stomach” of the cell• digests macromolecules

• “clean up crew” of the cell• cleans up broken down

organelles

• Structure• vesicles of digestive

enzymesonly in animal cells

synthesized by rER, transferred to Golgi

Where old organellesgo to die!

Lysosomes

white blood cells attack & destroy invaders = digest them in lysosomes

1974 Nobel prize: Christian de DuveLysosomes discovery in 1960s

1960 | 1974

Cellular digestion• Lysosomes fuse with food vacuoles•polymers

digested into monomers • pass to cytosol

to become nutrients of cell vacuole

lyso– = breaking things apart –some = body

But sometimes cells need to die…

• Lysosomes can be used to kill cells when they are supposed to be destroyed• some cells have to die for proper

development in an organism• apoptosis • “auto-destruct” process • lysosomes break open & kill cell• ex: tadpole tail gets re-absorbed

when it turns into a frog• ex: loss of webbing between your

fingers during fetal development

Fetal development

15 weeks

6 weeks

syndactyly