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UTPL Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación mencion Ingles Lic Alba Vargas Periodo Abril - Agosto / 2009 www.utpl.edu.ec
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ESCUELA: CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACION MENCION INGLES
NOMBRES
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
FECHA:
Lic. Alba Vargas [email protected]
ABRIL – AGOSTO 2009
1
EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH IIFIRST BIMESTERWhat is our goal?
Identify and describe the major steps and components involved in a research.
Differentiate each one of the steps to design a research project
Select a topic and design a research project or proposal.
Didactic materials
Printed didactic materials Guide Technological didactic materials EVA e-mail videoconference telephone
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What is Research?
What is educational research?
Research Gay & Airasian (2003)
Cn
Research ----- way of finding out ANSWERS to ---Questions?????
5
RESEARCH
Educational research
Systematic application of the scientific method
for addressing
Educational issues topics problems (phenomena) Information(general /specific conclusion or to
make predictions) 6
RESEARCH PROCESS: basic stepsGay & Anderson (2003)1.Recognize and identify a topic to study2.Describe and execute procedures to
collect information about the topic being studied
3.Analyze the collected data4.State the results or implication based
on analysis of the data.5.Write the report
7
CHARACTERISTICS OF EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Attempts to solve a problem. Involves gathering new data from
primary or first-hand sources or using existing data
It is based upon accurate observable or empirical evidence.
Employs carefully designed procedures, methodologies and rigorous analysis.
Enhances knowledge and education
Objective ----validate procedures.
Recorded and reported 9
10
Stage 1: Plan the research
Identification of the problem Is there a relationship between
language learning and culture? Do we have to include culture in
the English programs?
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The lack of awareness of cultural aspects, when learning to speak a foreign language, affects effective communication.
Why do students in our public schools fail to learn English?
How do adults learn a language?
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Start to plan the research proposal
Why do we need a research proposal or project?
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Project or Proposal
1. Title
2. Statement of the problem
3. Justification
4. Objectives
5. Hypotheses
6. Theoretical background or literature review
7. Methodology
8. Working calendar
9. Resources (budget)
10. References
14Alvear Jannett (2009))
1. The title/topic
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The title/topic
The name of the specific research problem or issue
Function: - To differentiate the proposal/
project from other ones.- To announce the content of the
proposal or project
16
How to narrow a research topic?
17
English language learning
English learning as a foreign language in Ecuador
Factors that influence on the learning of English as a foreign language in Ecuador
The influence of the native language on learning English in public high schools in the city of Quito
Narrow topic
English language learning
English learning as a foreign language in Ecuador
Factors that influence on the learning of English as a foreign language in Ecuador
The influence of the native language on learning English in public high schools in the city of Quito
Narrow topic
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMCONTEXTUALIZATION
ACCESSING THE PROBLEM Description of the problem Description of the background of the
problem
- Explain
- Analyze
- Grounded in theory
- Narrow the topic 19
3.Justification
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Justification Reasons
Highlight the relevanceWho will benefit from the project?
Expectations in the society, institution, community …
Feasibility and possibilityTime and resources
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Why is the proposal important?
4. Objectives
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Objectives
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Aims or objectives the researcher attempts to achieve
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Examples
Determine the most common Spanish grammatical structures which interfere in the learning of English grammatical structures
Identify the level of influence of the native language on the verbal performance of speakers of English as a foreign language.
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5.Theoretical background or Literature review
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Definition
John Creswell (2008) “a written summary of journals articles, books and other documents that describes the past and current state of information; organizes the literature into topics; and documents a need for a proposal study”.
Document how your study adds to the existing information.
27
StepsIdentify key terms
Locate different literature sources
Critically evaluate
Organize the literature
Write a literature review 28
Why literature review?
Know more about the topic Base the research on concepts Evidence How other researchers composed
their studies
29
Important!!!!!
Follow a standard documentation style when citing sources and writing your bibliography Social sciences follow American Psychological Association (APA) standards Humanities follow Modern Language
Association (MLA) standards
30
PlagiarismIs the unfair use of someone else's words or
ideas.
To avoid plagiarism you must Summarize, use quotations, and paraphrase the information that you take from other authors. That is, you must properly integrate and credit all quotes and paraphrases by citing authors or sources in paragraphs. In addition, you must include a reference list at the end of your written work. 31
Summarizing: express the main ideas into your own words
Quotation: “exact information, match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author” (author / year /page)
Paraphrasing: putting a passage from source material into your own words
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Examples of in-text citation: Cheung ( 2009) suggests that the Internet
is a useful research tool. Gao ( 2009) argues that the Internet is a
useful research tool. Naomi Klein (2000, p. 3) notes that some
management theorists suggest, “that successful corporations must primarily produce brands, as opposed to products”
Verbs: state, argue, reports, suggests, claims
Example (paraphrasing) McKay (2003) argues that culture influences
language teaching in two ways: linguistic and pedagogical. Linguistically, it affects the semantic, pragmatic, and discourse levels of the language. Pedagogically, it influences the choice of the language materials because cultural content of the language materials and the cultural basis of the teaching methodology are to be taken into consideration while deciding upon the language materials. For example, while some textbooks provide examples from the target culture, some others use source culture materials.
Bilal Genc & Erdogan Bada (2005) 34
6. Hypotheses
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Definition
A hypothesis is a tentative theory or
supposition provisionally stated by the
researcher to explain certain facts, and to
guide the investigation.
36
Title of the Problem: The inappropriate use of supplementary
material for EFL teaching in high school students causes low achievement
Hypothesis: Teachers do not use supplementary material
considering the characteristics of students
Title of a Topic:Anglicisms in business signs banners
and builders(no hyphothesis) 37
Types of hyphotheses
Inductive hypotheses Inductive reasoning
Deductive Hypotheses deductive reasoning
38
39
Examples
Variables:Dependent variable: low
achievement
Independent variable: Supplementary material
40
INDICATORSMeasurable indicators provide a
basis for collecting evidence that is valid and reliable for the intended uses.
Example:- Teaching cards- Handouts
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7. Methodological design
42
HOW THE RESEARCH WILL BE CONDUCTED?
Decide the Population or sample
Determine the methods
43
Methodological design
Methods : Descriptive, deductive, bibliographical, comparative, historical etc.
Techniques: surveys, note-taking, interview
Instruments: direct observation, questionnaires, cards
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8. WORKING CALENDAR
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Working Calendar
The purpose is to help to : Organize activities Set time for each one of the
activities Plan the whole research Guide the researcher to meet
deadlines
46
Working calendar
DATE ACTIVITIESApril 24 – May 26 Plan and write a research
proposal or projectMay 26 – June 30…
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Activities April May June JulyPlan and write a research proposal or project
Literature review
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
xx
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9. RESOURCES
49
RESOURCES
List of human resources List of material resources Budget (financial sources)
50
10. References or bibliography
51
Include all the sources reviewed
Books Journals Magazines Electronic sources, etc
52
Suggestions forREFERENCE/BIBLIOGRAPHY
Use the style adopted by the institution or the APA style which is internationally approved.
Write the references in alphabetical order
Be careful, the information must come from a reliable source.
Use updated bibliography (5 years )53
Example
- Belenky, M.F (1986). A woman´s way of knowing: The development of self, voice and mind. New York: Basic Books.
- Schulz, R. (2001). Cultural differences in student and teacher perceptions concerning the role of grammar instruction. The Modern Language Journal, 85, 244–58.
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Stage 2: research (field research)
Stage 3: Write and organize your research report
56
Stage 2: research (field
QUESTIONS?????
57
THANKS
58
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