Unit i triumph review2

AP World History Unit I: Foundations8000 BCE 600 CE

Paleolithic Neolithic 1st Villages 1st Civs - RVC Classical Civs/Rise of World Religions

8 Elements of a Civilization•Writing System•Organized Belief System•Cities•Public Works•Specialized Jobs•Government•Social Classes•Art/Architecture

Political Systems•Democracy•Republic•Monarchy•Dictatorship•Aristocracy•Oligarchy•Theocracy

Global History Review8000 BCE 600 CE

Paleolithic Neolithic 1st Villages 1st Civs - RVC Classical Civs/Rise of World Religions

8 Elements of a Civilization•Writing System•Organized Belief System•Cities•Public Works•Specialized Jobs•Government•Social Classes•Art/Architecture

Political Systems•Democracy•Republic•Monarchy•Dictatorship•Aristocracy•Oligarchy•Theocracy

•“Old Stone Age”

•Nomadic, small clans

•Hunters/ Gatherers

•Men/Women – social equality

•Agricultural Revolution

•Farming, domesticated animals

•Not everyone settled – Pastoral Nomads

•Greater social inequality, specialized jobs, food surplus

•Jericho

•Catal Huyuk

•Jomon

•Mesopotamia (Tigris, Euphrates), Fertile Crescent, Hammurabi, Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Hittites, Hebrews

•Egypt (Nile), Theocracy, Hieroglyphics, Polytheistic

•Indus (Indus, Ganges), Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, Aryans, Vedic Age, Origins of Hinduism, Caste System

•China (Huang He) Shang, Zhou, Dynasty, Oracle bones, “Middle Kingdom,” Mandate of Heaven, Dynastic Cycle

•Persia: Zoroastrianism, tolerance, Cyrus the Great

•Greece – City states, direct democracy, philosophy (SPA), Pericles, Hellenism, Alex the Great

•India – Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Caste System, Mauryan, Gupta Empires

•China –Q’in, Han Dynasties, Confucianism, Legalism, Daoism, spread of Buddhism, filial piety, Shi Huangdi, Han Wudi, civil service exam

•Rome – Republic, Julius Caesar, Caesar Augustus, Pax Romana, Law of 12 Tables, Fall of Rome

India: Indus River Valley --------Aryan (Vedic Age)------------Maurya-------------Gupta 3600-1900 BCE -----------------1500 BCE--------------326 -184 BCE--------320-535 CE

China: Shang Dynasty --------Zhou Dynasty--------Qin Dynasty-------------Han Dynasty 1500-1027BCE ---------1027-771BCE---------221-207BCE------------206BCE-220CE

Mediterranean: Minoan --------Mycenaean--------------Greek-----------------Roman 1600 BCE -------1400 BCE--------------800BCE-----------500BCE-476CE

Mesoamerican: Olmec ---------------------Mayan---------------------Aztec 1200BCE -------------300BCE-900CE---------1200-1500CE

2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE

1. Hunting and gathering: Small bands of 20-30 people. Gender equality because both contributed

to survival

2. Mostly Nomadic but some Permanent settlements were established in areas with

abundant food resources (grains, fish).

3. Neanderthal Man: First fully modern human beings-physically and mentally. Belief in afterlife,

buried dead

4. Cro-Magnon man: Interested in fashion and art. Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Humans during this period found shelter in caves.

Cave paintings were left behind.Cave paintings were left behind.

Paleolithic peoples lived in small nomadic bands with few class distinctions, and had an interest in art and simple spiritual beliefs.

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000

BCE )BCE )

NeanderthalsNeanderthals( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 ( 200,000 BCE – 30,000

BCE )BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

Cro-MagnonsCro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 ( 40,000 BCE – 10,000

BCE )BCE )

Homo Sapiens

Homo Sapien Homo Sapien SapienSapien

(40,000 BCE-Present )(40,000 BCE-Present )

Homo Sapien Homo Sapien SapienSapien

(40,000 BCE-Present )(40,000 BCE-Present )

8000-3000 BCE

1. Food surplus lead to population boom

2. Permanent settlements and communities develop. Idea of private

property

3. Development on farming technology, art, architecture, language, job specialization,

irrigation, etc.

4. Development of cities: Catal Huyuk, Jericho.

AdvancedCities

AdvancedCities

Specialized Workers/

Social Classes

Specialized Workers/

Social Classes ComplexInstitutions:GovernmentPublic Works

Economic SystemsOrganized religion

ComplexInstitutions:GovernmentPublic Works

Economic SystemsOrganized religion

Record-KeepingRecord-Keeping

AdvancedTechnologyAdvanced

Technology

Art and Architecture

Art and Architecture

Mesopotamia: “The Cradle of Civilization”

Mesopotamia: “The Cradle of Civilization”

“Fertile Crescent” and lack of natural barriers allowed many groups to control this

valuable area.

“Fertile Crescent” and lack of natural barriers allowed many groups to control this

valuable area.

Sumerian City-States

Sumerian City-States3000 B.C.E. 3000 B.C.E.

Successful agriculture, irrigation systems

Writing, cuneiformsUse of wheel

12 month calendarPolytheistic

Polytheistic: The Gods were Anthropomorphic.

City-State: Urban areas that controlled surrounding regions and loosely connected with other city-states: Ur, Uruk, Eridu, Lagash, Babylon, Kish

Developed organized projects: irrigation systems, palaces, ziggurats, defensive walls, temples

Hammurabi, the JudgeHammurabi, the Judge• “King of the four quarters of the

world”

• Centralized bureaucratic government

• System of taxation

• First written code of laws

• “King of the four quarters of the world”

• Centralized bureaucratic government

• System of taxation

• First written code of laws

The Babylonian Empires

The Babylonian Empires

Babylonian AchievementsBabylonian Achievements

12 Month Calendar12 Month Calendar

Mathematics

Mathematics

Babylonian Numbers

Babylonian Numbers

The HittitesThe Hittites•Learned to

extract iron from ore and were the

first to make tools and

weapons of iron.

The AssyriansThe Assyrians•Centralized bureaucratic government.•Built military roads to move troops quickly.•Founded first

libraries. The PhoeniciansThe Phoenicians

•Best known for

manufacturing and trade

•“Carriers of Civilization”•Created first

alphabet

The Hebrews

The Hebrews

•Belief in Judaism, first monotheistic faith

• Ten commandments

Phoenicians

Phoenicians

Traders, Invaders, and Empire Builders?

Traders, Invaders, and Empire Builders?

Assyrians

Assyrians Trader

sTrader

sInvade

rsInvade

rs

HebrewsHebrewsEmpire BuildersEmpire Builders

The Hittites

The Hittites

The Sumerians

The Sumerians

The Babylonians

The BabyloniansTrader

sTrader

sEmpire BuildersEmpire Builders

Invaders

Invaders

Geography of Egypt

Walk Like an Egyptian•Rich soil, gentle annual flooding

• Led by Pharaoh – leader with total power

•water management, pyramids, astronomy, hieroglyphs, mummification, calendar, gold

•Polytheistic

•Women rulers, buy, sell property, inherit, will property, dissolve marriages, still subservient to men

• Hierarchy: pharaoh, priest, nobles, merchants, artisans, peasants, slaves

•Conquered by (1100 BCE)

Geography of China

China: Shang on the HuangShang: 1700-1100 BCE

• Aristocrats and bureaucrats directed the work and life of the Shang. • Warfare a constant feature.• Most commoners worked as semi free serfs in agriculture. Others were artisans, craftsmen.

• Stable agri-surplus, trade-centered• N. China, walled cities, strong army, chariots• “The Middle Kingdom” World View• Bronze, pottery, silk, decimal system, calendar• Patriarchal, polytheistic, ancestor veneration, oracle bones

It’s Zhou Time!

Replaced Shang around 1100 BCERuled 900 years, kept customs,

traditionsMandate of HeavenFeudal system, nobles gained,

bureaucracies, war amongst feudal kingdoms, collapse 256 BCE

Established early forms of feudalism in which the King gave large tracts of land to loyal leaders who became lords. These lords provided the king with military forces in exchange for the land.

Geography of India

Indus Valley: 3300 – 1700 B.C.E.Outside contact more limited -

moutainsKyber Pass connection to

outsideTwin Cities of Harrappa,

Mohenjo-Daro Master-planned, water system,

strong central gov’t, polytheistic, written language

Pottery, cotton, clothCities abandoned, reason

unknownAryans arrive 1500 BCE

The Harappan Civilization

The Harappan Civilization

From Caucasus Mtns. Black/Caspian Sea

Nomads who settledVedas, Upanashads basis for

HinduismCaste systemwarriors, priests, peasants later re-ordered: Brahmins

(priests), warriors, landowners-merchants, peasants, untouchables (out castes)

Aryans: The Vedic Age: 1500-500 B.C.E..

Aryans: The Vedic Age: 1500-500 B.C.E..

ShudrasShudras

VaishyasVaishyas

KshatriyKshatriyas as

Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables

Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables

BrahminBrahminss

Olmecs (Mexico), Mayans (Mexico/Guatemala), and Chavin Cult (Andes) developed similarly to River Valley Civilizations: urbanization, polytheistic, irrigation, writing, calendar, monumental buildings, social structure, city-states.

The point: Similar pattern of development in different part of earth, no contact

The difference: No major river. Had to adapt to rainforest and mountains.

Civilization in the Americas

Civilization in the Americas

Geography of Greece

Greek AchievementsGreek Achievements

Age of Pericles;

Direct Democracy, Golden age

Art, architecture, sculpture, amphitheaters, dramas,

math, astronomy, medicine

Philosophy: Socrates, Plato,

Aristotle.

Mythology – polytheistic

humanistic gods

Ideal beauty, Sports,

Olympics

Alexander the Great!Peloponnesian War with Sparta

(431 BCE) Athens loses powerMacedonians from north

conquer And unites Greek Peninsula

Followed by son, Alexander, unified Greece, invaded Persia

What was Alexander’s Greatest Accomplishment?

What was Alexander’s Greatest Accomplishment?

Alexander’s Empire

Which four major civilizations did Alexander briefly unite?

Hellenic

Persian

Egyptian Indian

Geography of Rome

Professional army,

citizenship for

conquered people, Pax

Romana

Art, architecture, arch, dome, aqueducts, roads

Coliseum, Bread and

Circus, Gladiators, christianity

Centralized government: Republic, Dictator,

Empire, Civil Service, Senate, Patricians,

Plebeians

Equal under Law, justice, 12 tables of

law

Roman Achievements

Roman Achievements

Q’in EmpireLed by Emperor

Shi Huangdi

Unified China: Centralized Government

Connected Great Wall of China, terra

cotta warriors

Unified monetary system, weights

and measurements

Legalist government – burned Confucian

books

The Han Dynasty!

Emperor Han Wudi – Confucian

style government

Expanded Empire, developed a bureaucracy, Silk Road Trade –

spread of Buddhism

Civil Service Exams – Social

classes: Nobles,

Scholar-gentry, Farmers,

Merchants

Paper, Ship Rudders, Wheelbarrow, Hot air balloons, sundials, metallurgy

Mauryan Empire

Rock & Pillar edicts, Buddhism spread, Big

time traders: silk, cotton, elephants (much more) to

the west

Strong military, Ashoka converts to Buddhism:

non-violence, moderation

Centralized government with bureaucracy, tax collection 321 BCE – 185 BCE321 BCE – 185 BCE

Founded by Chandragupta MauryaUnified smaller Aryan kingdoms

Greatest extent under Ashoka

Rise of Gupta: 220 BCE – 320 CE220 BCE – 320 CE

Achievements in mathematics –pi, zero, numerals, astronomy,

medicine, literature

Hinduism resurgentWomen lost rights; own property, study religion, child marriages common

Profitable trade Profitable trade withwith the the

MediterraneanMediterranean world. world.

375-415 CE, revival under Chandra Gupta

Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Indian Indian

OceanOcean

Extensive Trade:Extensive Trade:Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Land Route = Silk Road Water Route = Indian Indian

OceanOcean

spices

spices

spicesspices

gold & gold &

ivoryivory

gold & gold & ivoryivory

rice & rice & wheatwheathorseshorses

cotton goods

cotton goods

cotton goods

cotton goodssilkssilks

PearlsPearls

Greek and Latin based – Greco-Roman

Patrician and Plebeians – social

Citizenship – unifying Identity

History, Music, Drama, Art

Chinese – calligraphy

Confucianism – Filial Piety

Superior and Inferior

Stressed education – “Gentleman”

Ethnocentrism – Great Wall

Classical Comparison: Roman Empire and Han Dynasty

Identity

Identity

Well organized bureaucracy based upon Legalist and Confucian ideas and education

Well organized bureaucracy founded on Greco-Roman law and classical learning

GovernmentGovernment

Patriarchical

Reliance on Patricians

Greek and Roman Mythological faith

Temples, Sacrificies, Olympics

Judaism and Christianity – Persecuted at times

Patriarchical

Reliance on landed gentry

Ancestor Veneration – Oracle Bones

Daoism – “The Way” – Wu Wei

Confucianism – five relationships

Buddhism – Persecuted at times

BeliefsBeliefs

“The Great Builders”

Columns, Dome, Arch

Aqueducts, roads, bridges, theaters, The Coliseum

Great Wall of China

Bridges, Roads, Canals

Tombs - Terra Cotta Warriors

Public WorksPublic Works

Grand Canal Roman Roads

Strong Military – professional army - led to expansion

Gave land and riches to soldiers - reward

Strong Military – led to expansionGave land and riches to soldiers – seen as very important figures in Legalist China

Use of Mediterranean Sea

Built roads, bridges, canals

Use of rivers – Huang He and Yangtze

Built Roads, bridges, canals

Expansion

And Trade

Expansion

And Trade

Decline of EmpireDecline of Empire

Roman Empire Han China

Decline in Morals and Values that have upheld

society together

Public Health and Urban

Decay

Political Corruption

Unemployment and Inflation

Military Spending- too

costly

Compare the impact of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in China.

Developing a Thesis

Acceptable Thesis:

•Must address both the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty•Must address the impact of the rise and fall of each Civilization•Must address EITHER similarities OR differences in the impact of the rise and fall of each civilization. •Must be explicitly stated in introduction or conclusion of the essay. •May appear as one sentence or as multiple sentences.

• A thesis that is split among multiple paragraphs or merely restates the prompt is unacceptable. For example, “There were many similarities and differences . . .” is not acceptable.

Create a Thesis Statement for this Comparative Essay Question

Planning ChartRoman Empire Han Dynasty Direct Comparisons

Rise

•Developed from Etruscans/ Greeks •Military power- professional army•Environmental mosaic – Natural protection, Tiber River, Med Sea•Use of technology – roads, aqueducts, bridges, canals•Control of major trade routes- Punic Wars•Identity – Citizenship and ideals of Republic

•Developed from Qin Empire •Military power – Large army•Environmental mosaic – Natural protection, Yellow and Yangtze River, Pacific Ocean•Use of technology – roads, bridges, canals•Increase trade–Silk Road•Identity – Mandate of Heaven, Confucianism and meritocracy

•Both used military power to gain power

•Both follow Conrad Demarest Model of Empire – Identity

•Both had optimal location and environments to dominate

Fall

•Poor Leadership and corruption•No clear line of succession•Economic decline – Heavy taxes•Land owned by rich•Neglect of people’s needs – led to riots, slave revolts•Over expansion •Military power declined •Soldiers lost will to fight – lack of rewards and loss of loyalty •Safety within empire declined – Barbaric invasions

•Poor Leadership and corruption•Practice of concubinage•Economic decline – Heavy taxes•Land owned by rich•Neglect of people’s needs – led to riots, Yellow Turban Revolt •Military power declined •Soldiers lost will to fight – loss of Mandate of Heaven•Invasions from Xiognu nomads.

•Both had poor leadership and corruption in government

•Both militaries failed and allowed barbaric invasions

•Economic problems led people to revolt or lose faith in government – Lost identity

•China uses Mandate of Heaven and Confucianism to recover faster than Europe

Developing a Thesis

After you analyze your planning chart, what conclusions can you make about similarities and differences between

Rome and Han?

Compare the impact of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in China.

1. Think about major similarities and differences between the rise and fall of both the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty.

2. Think about causation and impact of major events to help formulate a thesis.

3. Look for possible relationships between known facts (such as surprising contrasts or similarities), and think about the beneath-the-surface significance of these relationships.

4. Look for common trends or information. Is there overwhelming evidence that supports one aspect over another?

5. Make sure your thesis answers the question and attempts to prove something.

Sample ThesisCompare the rise and fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe and the Han Dynasty in China.

1. The Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty both rose to power due to their superior military strength. However, once their military power declined both empires became vulnerable to internal and external threats that eventually led to their fall.

Thesis Self Test: "Did I answer the question?" "Have I taken a position that others might challenge or oppose?" "Does my thesis pass the 'So What?' test?" “Can I use evidence to support my thesis?”

2. Natural protection and a superior location for trade allowed for the rise of the Roman Empire and Han Dynasty, but it would be economic problems sparked by corrupt leaders that would cause their fall.

3. The rise and fall of the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty can best be attributed to the creation and loss of their common identity, Citizenship of a Republic and Confucian ideals respectively.

* Specific topic + Attitude/Angle/Argument = Thesis

* What you plan to argue + How you plan to argue it = Thesis

Sedentary/Nationalistic Religions Missionary Religions

•Born into religion

•Society structured around religious ideas

•Complex religion and history

•No real centralized hierarchy

•Very little conversion

•Stationary – grounded to the land

•Develops out of Sedentary faith

•Religion adapts to different cultural practices

•Simplistic rules

•Tends to have more centralized structure and hierarchy

•Spreads through trade routes and conquests – leads to cultural diffusion

Religions and Belief Systems

Judaism

Hinduism

Christianity Islam

Buddhism

Animism Confucianism

Who do the three individuals represent and does this image reflect Sedetary or Missionary Religions?

Southwest Asian Religions

Judaism

Christianity

ISLAM

ProtestantEastern Orthodox

Sunni

Shiite

Russian Orthodox

Anglican

Calvinist

Lutheran

Roman Catholic

Coptic

Sufi

3000 BCE

33 CE

622 CE

South Asian Religions

Hinduism

BuddhismJainism

Zen

Mahayana

TherevedaSikhism

5000 BCE

500 BCE800 BCE

Tibetan (Tantric)

1469 CE

Diffusion of Belief Systems



Animism

Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance

Africa, Latin AmericaNo Founder

No holy book – mostly oral traditionsAll things in nature have a soul (Trees, stones, rivers, etc.)Use of Shaman or Diviners who conducted ceremonies and rituals and used fetishesAncestor Veneration – Your ancestor’s spirits watch over you and can protect you.

Found among many pastoral nomadic tribal villages.Tribal masks inspired Cubist art movement

Hinduism


India

3000 B.C.E.

Spread throughout

India

Stationary Religion

Brahman-supreme force: Gods are manifestations of Brahman (Vishnu-preserver, Shiva-destroyer)

Reincarnation. Dharma: rules and obligations. Karma: fate based on how dharma was met.

Moshka: highest state of being, release of soul

Vedas and Upanishads

Caste System: Rigid social structure, born into caste, must perform certain job, or Jati.

Ganges is sacred river, performance of rituals

Spawned Buddhism

Caste System

ShudrasShudras

VaishyasVaishyas

Kshatriyas Kshatriyas

Pariahs [Harijan] UntouchablesPariahs [Harijan] Untouchables

BrahminsBrahmins

Buddhism


India, Nepal

563 B.C.E.

Spread throughout

India, China, Japan, S.E.

Asia

Missionary Religion

Founded by Siddhartha Guatama

No Supreme Being– Buddha “Enlightened one”

Four Noble Truths – Life is suffering caused by desire, follow Eight Fold Path

Nirvana, state of perfect peace and harmony

path may take several lifetimes: Reincarnation, Dharma, Karma

Theraveda: meditation, harmony, Buddha not a god (Lesser Vehicle)

Mahayana: more complex, greater ritual, reliance on priests. Buddha a diety

No Caste system, appealed to lower classes.

Not attached to social structure, spread rapidly to other cultures.

Ashoka adopted Buddhism.

Force of cultural diffusion via trade, Silk Road, missionary Religion

Legalism


China

500 B.C.E.

Founded by Han Feizi

The Q’in Dynasty- Shi Huangdi

Peace & order through centralized, tightly controlled state

Mistrust of human nature; reliance on tough laws

Punish those who break laws, reward those who follow

2 most worthy jobs: farmer, soldier

Accomplished swift reunification of China.

Completion of projects like the Great Wall.

Caused widespread resentment among common people, led to wider acceptance of Confucianism-Daoism.

Confucianism


China

500 B.C.E.

Spread to Japan,

S.E. Asia

Founded by Confucius (Kong Fu Tse)

Political-social philosophy, not religion

Moral, ethical, also practical – The Analects

Five Right relationships = right society: Parent to Child (Filial Piety), Ruler to Subject, Older to Younger, Husband to Wife, Friend to Friend.

Education is valuable and everyone should be able to get one. Become a gentleman.

Put aside personal ambition for good of state

As a ethical, social, political belief system it was compatible with other religions, could practice Buddhism and Confucianism

Embraced by Han, Tang, Song, Ming Dynasties. Civil Service Exam

Daoism-Taoism


China

500 B.C.E.

Founded by Lao-tzu, philosopher

Dao = “The Way” (of nature/cosmos)

Wu wei- non-doing, harmony with nature

Eternal principles, passive, yielding. Like water, yet strong, shaping.

Yin-Yang – symbol of balance in nature

Self-sufficient communities

Counter to Confucian activism

Emphasis on harmony w/ nature leads gains: astronomy, botany, chemistry

Co-existed w/Confucianism, Buddhism, Legalism

Added to complexity of Chinese culture

Judaism


Middle East,

Caanan Jerusalem

3000 B.C.E.

Founded by Abraham, Moses

Hebrews were chosen by God, special status

Personal relationship with God – a covenant

Afterlife, tradition, doctrines, philosophy, personal salvation.

To honor, serve God, promote prophets – Wailing Wall

A religion & culture – Torah, Talmud

10 Commandments, waiting for messiah

The First Monotheistic Belief System

Led to Christianity and Islam

Forced migration – Exodus, Diaspora, Holocaust

Like Hinduism – Stationary faith

Christianity

Beliefs, Practices, Holy Books Significance Middle East,

Jerusalem

30 C.E.

Spread north and

west throughout Europe,

Americas

Founded by Jesus of Nazareth - Bible

Splinter group of Jews, quickly spread throughout Roman Empire despite persecution

Jesus, son of God, Messiah of Jewish prophecy

Devotion to God, love of fellow man - monotheistic

Jesus sent to redeem man from sin

Salvation by faith in divinity, death, and resurrection of Jesus.

Crucified by Roman gov’t 30 CE

Emphasis on salvation, eternal life after death appealed to lower classes, women

Combo of religion & empire = huge impact on political, social development of Europe Missionary Religion

Islam


Middle East,

Mecca, Medina,

Jerusalem

622 C.E.

Spread North Africa,

S.E.Asia, U.S.

Founded by Muhammad- Prophet – Koran

Five Pillars of Faith:

Allah is one true God, Prophet is Muhammad

Pray Five times a day facing Mecca

Almsgiving – give to the poor

Ramadan – Fasting

Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca

Can not eat pork, gamble, drink alcohol, smoke

Jihad – Struggle in God’s service

Led to Islamic Empires Umayyad Caliphate, Abbasids, Ottoman, Mughal

Shiite-Sunni Split

Crusades – Holy wars

Missionary religion

Shintoism


Japan

500BCE

No founder

God in all of us and in all of nature. Our body is the visible temple for the soul.

Anaterasu is the Sun Goddess and main god or kami. Emperor is descendant and was seen as divine

“Tori” is the symbol of prosperity in Shintoism and the sacred gates that are found in front of all Shinto temples in Japan. People write wishes on the Tori gates wishing for good health, wealth and prosperity.

There are no written doctrines

There are gods in every object in nature (Kami)

Animist - Ancestor veneration

Justified power of Emperor

During Meiji Restoration, Shintoism was used to unite Japanese

During WWII, Kamikaze pilots sacrificed themselves for their Emperor

Big Picture Themes!

Nomads are major outside threat to sedentary peoples and impact Civs.

Golden Age of Religion – Power in government - Rise and Spread of Islam

Foundations and Classical eras of civilization Classical Era – achievements in arts, architecture, science, Math, weapons, metals, literature

Religion and goods spread over the Silk Road

Unit I

Extensive land routes and regional water routes World Religions of Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism are established

Unit II

Land and sea routes expand! Indian Ocean, Trans-Saharan, River networks in Russia and Africa

Religion and goods spread over Silk Road

Golden Age of Nomads! Continue to be biggest outside threat to civilization and Empire

Classical Civs collapse – Rise of Post Classical Civs - continue to achieve in different ways.

Development of Empire and spread of civilizations