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Covers Sumer- the first civilization. Details early farming, government, societal hierarchy, technologies, arts, written language, embedded relevant YouTube videos. I used images from google search images.
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Part One:The First Civilization-
Sumer
Civilization music video- 3:54)
Big Ideas:The Sumerians developed the first civilization in Mesopotamia.
The Sumerians made many advances that helped their society develop.
1. The Sumerians created the world’s first advanced society
1. The Sumerians invented the world’s first writing system.
2. Religion played a major role in Sumerian society.
2. Advances and inventions changed Sumerian lives.
3. Many types of art developed in Sumer.
Mesopotamia:The Fertile Crescent
Textbook pages 58-591. Why did the first civilizations all develop in river valleys?
2. Where were the four earliest river valley civilizations located?-color code your map.
Sumer- “The Cradle of Civilization”3,000BC
• Migrated to the region around 5,000 years ago• Settled there to farm:• Built dams, dikes, & short
canals that brought water from the Euphrates River• Grew barley, dates, and raised
small domesticated animals such as sheep and goats
The City-States of Sumer
Sumer City-States (1:59)
Each city-state had a large Urban center with rural countryside surrounding it.
Each had its own military that protected their rural lands.
Fought each other to gain more farmland
Kings (called lugal) ruled each city-state
Built large armies
Characteristics of a City-StateRural farmland was divided into square or rectangle plots*plots were crisscrossed by early irrigation systems (canals & channels)*farmers used plows, seed-drills, and stone hoes to grow crops*Gardens and fruit orchards*Trade: Carts pulled by donkeys & boats in the canals moved goods into the urban center of the city-state.
Characteristics of a City-StateThe Urban city was surrounded by walls• Soldiers stationed
by towers and gates• Wide paved boulevards
crossed main sections, lined by 2-story houses for wealthy, made of brick
• Narrow twisting alleys surrounded by small flat roofed huts for farmers & craftsmen
Rise of the First Empire• Akkadians built north of Sumer & spoke a
different language• Lived peacefully next to Sumer until the Akkadian
king Sargon decided to extend his territory along the Euphrates River.
• Sargon- first ruler to have a permanent army• Conquered all of Mesopotamia resulting in the world’s first empire (Persian Gulf to Mediterranean Sea)**Textbook page 61: Sargon’s Story
Sumerian City-State Ur
Ur regains control of its land and takes over all of Mesopotamia- Political stability is restored to the region *Textbook pages 62-63
Sumerian Religion• Polytheism: the worship of many gods• Each city-state considered one god to be its
protector
Enlil: God of Air
Enki: God of Wisdom
Inanna: Goddess of Love & War
Uta: God of the Sun
Sin or Nanna: God of the Moon
Sumerian Ziggurat• Assyrian word “zigguratu” means height• Largest structure in city-dedicated to a patron god
of the city (religious temples)• Resembled pyramid- made of brick• Built to look like a mountain because Sumerians
believed the gods preferred to live there
Priests of the Ziggurat Temples• Preformed religious
ceremonies at the temple
• Helped people gain favor with the gods
• Interpreted wishes made by the gods
• Made offerings to the gods at the temples
Sumerian Social OrderTitle Description
king Believed the gods gave them the right to rule
priests Gave up working & lived of the offerings of the people- given large tracts of land to rent out to farmers for financial support
Skilled craftspeople Crafters with specific skills that are in high need
merchants People who buy & sell goods to the public
Traders *huge impact on Sumer Travel to far away placed to trade gold, silver, cooper, lumber, & precious stones
Farmers Grow crops- working class
Laborers People who do manual labor-ex. Build bricks and structures- working class
Slaves People bought and sold to me laborers for the wealthy- lowest social class
Men & Women in SumerMen• Held political
positions• Made laws• EducatedWomen
• Took care of the home & children
• Some wealthy women got an education
• Some educated women became priestesses in the temples
Invention of Writing• Cuneiform-
world’s first system of writing• Pictographs-
picture symbols• Scribe- writer• Epics- long
poems that tell the stories of heroes
Video (7:20)
The Legend of Gilgamesh• Textbook pages 70-71
• One of Uruk’s early Kings • known as Gilgamesh
• City-states of Ur and Uruk fought for a thousand years trying to dominate each other
• Gilgamesh became a Legendary in figure Sumerianliterature
Technical AdvancesFirst civilization to develop:• The wheel• Vehicles with wheels- carts & wagons• Potter’s wheel• Plow-pulled by oxen (increased farm production)• Clock-used falling water to measure time• Sewers under streets• Bronze tools & weapons• “Bronze Age” • Makeup• Glass jewelry
Sumerian Math• System based on
the number 60• Divided a circle into
360 degrees• Divided a year into
12 months (factor or 60)• Calculated the
areas of rectangles and triangles
Sumerian Science
• Tablets with names of thousands of plants, animals, and minerals• Used ingredients from these to make healing
drugs• Ex: milk, turtle shells, figs, and salt
• Cataloged treatments according to symptoms and body parts
Sumerian Art*Textbook page 68-69: The Arts
Cylinder Seal
Sumerian Art
Sumerian Art
Sumerian Jewelry
Sumerian Music
Oldest written melody c. 1400 BC (5:42)
Organizer #1The Rise of Sumer
Government Religion Society• Originally
organized into city-states
• Large empire created by Sargon
• First permanent army
• Polytheistic• Each city had a
god as protector• Gods have
enormous power
• Priests interpret wishes of gods
• Everyone must serve and worship gods
• Kings• Priests• Skilled crafters• Merchants• Traders• Farmers• Laborers• slaves
Advancement/ Effect Organizerwriting
wheel
plow
• Improved record keeping• Allowed works on law, math, &
grammar to be written• Made literature possible
• Improved transportation• Improved pottery-making
• Increased efficiency and farm production
• Created new use for large animals
• Let to surplus of food