Translation Session

for WikipediansKorean Department

Translation

Science Sense Skill

Science of Translation

Semantic

• Literal

Communicative

• Meaning

Semantic and Communicative

Translation-Semantic approach: views the text as a

cultural artifact that is “borrowed” from its

original environment to be “displayed” or

“studied”. It can be a perfectly valid

exercise with a perfectly valid purpose.

-Communicative approach: seeks to bring a

text to a new audience, to be assimilated in

its new environment in order to be enjoyed

and assimilated by new people. This

requires a degree of adaptation.

SL bias

Literal FaithfulBalance

d

TL bias

Idiomized Free

The SL grammatical constructions are

converted to their nearest TL

equivalents but the lexical items are

again translated out of context. As

pre-translation process, it indicates

problems to be solved.

It attempts to reproduce the precise

contextual meaning of the original

within the constraints of the TL

grammatical structures. It transfers

cultural words and preserves the

degree of grammatical and lexical

deviation from SL norms.

It reproduces the message of

the original but tends to distort

nuances of meaning by

preferring colloquialisms and

idioms.

It reproduces the matter

without the manner, or the

content without the form of

the original. Usually it is a

paraphrase much longer

than the original.

TL

bias

example

Interlinear: like these things to

them demand

much now

Literal: The likes of these things

have much demand

now.

Faithful: Things like these are in great demand

now.

Balanced: This kind of thing is in great

demand at the

moment.

Idiomizing: This type is all the rage

Free: This one is dead

trendy!

مثل هذه األشياء عليها إقبال كثير اآلن

Semantic CommunicativeAuthor-centered Reader-centered

Concerned with author as

individual

Adapts and makes the

thought and cultural content

of original more accessible to

reader.

Semantic- and syntactic-

oriented. Length of sentences,

position and integrity of clauses,

word position, etc. preserved

whenever possible.

Effect-oriented. Formal

features or original sacrificed

more readily.

Faithful, more literal Faithful, freer

Informative Effective

Usually more awkward, more

detailed, more complex, but

briefer.

Easy reading, more natural,

smoother, simpler, clearer,

more direct, more

conventional, but longer

Source language biased Target language biased

Over-translated: more

concentrated and more specific

than original

Under-translated: use of

“hold-all” terms

More powerful Less powerful

Always inferior to the original

because of loss of meaning

May be better than original

because of gain in force and

clarity, despite loss in

semantic content.

Wide and universal Tailor-made or targeted for

one category of readership

Inaccuracy is always wrong A certain embroidering, a

stylistic synonymy, a discreet

modulation is condoned,

provided the facts are straight

and the reader is suitably

impressed

The translator has no right to

improve or to correct

The translator has the right to

correct and improve the logic

and style of the original,

clarify ambiguities, jargons,

normalize bizarre personal

usage.

Mistakes in the original should

(and must) be pointed out only

in footnote

The translator can correct

mistakes of facts in original

Target: a “true” version, i.e. an

exact statement

Target: a “happy” version, i.e.

a successful act

Unit of translation: tends to

words, collocations and clauses

Unit of translation: tends to

sentences and paragraph

Meaning Message

آراء بعض المترجمين الكبار

م1530مارتن لوثر

يجب أن تسأل األم في المنزل ، •

واألطفال في الشارع، والرجل

العادي في السوق وأن تنظر إلى

م أفواههم وتعرف كيف يتكلمون، ث

تترجم بهذا األسلوب وعندها سوف

.يفهمون ويعرفون أنك تخاطبهم

بن جونسون

المترجم الحرفي يشبه كثيرا من•

.يرقص على الحبل مقيد القدمين

محمد عناني، فن الترجمة

ت منذ يجب تحرير الذهن من الكلمة العربية التي ارتبط•

.لحروفالصبا بالكلمة اإلنجليزية التي يتحول معناها با

ب في ولقد تعلمت بعد الممارسة الطويلة أن المترحم مطال•

كلة فمش...المقام األول بإخراج المعني كامال غير منقوص

.انةإدراك المعنى الكامل ونقله بأمالمترجم األولى تظل

ألكسندر فريزر تيتلر

:قوانين الترجمة الجيدة•

لنص على الترجمة أن تكون نقال تاما جميع األفكار في ا-1

.األصلي

النص يجب أن يتفق أسلوب الكتابة وطرائقها مع أسلوب-2

.األصلي وطرائقه

.النصيجب أن تتحلى الترجمة باليسر الذي يتحلى به-3

That is All…!

Questions !