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Flooring Types
Soft Flooring
CarpetRugs
Resilient
Hard Flooring
Wood StoneTile
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Wood - Most popular • Strip Flooring
– Tongue and groove– Nailed to sub floor– Pre-finished or unfinished
• Random Plank– Wider than strips– Screwed to sub floor, covered with wood plugs
• Parquet– Small pieces arranged in different designs– Pre-finished squares for easy installation
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Stone• Marble
– Various colors depending on origin– Verdigris (vər-də-grēs) : marbles that have a green
color
• Limestone: most common, usually white but may have cloudy streaks
• Onyx: may have layers of colors or banding
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Stone• Terrazzo formed using marble or chipped
stones embedded in full concrete. – artistic and very reliable– best for outdoor spaces such as verandas or
patios. – strong but 50% chance of breakage at quarry
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Stone• Travertine: porous limestone used on
floors or walls– Comes from mineral springs– Holes from escaping gas– Holes filled with resin which may or may not
be same color
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Ceramic Tile• Bathrooms, kitchens, entryways
• Made from baked clay
• Durable, moisture resistant, easy to clean
• Can crack if not installed on even surface
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Other Tiles• Ceramic Mosaic
– Individual tiles mounted together to keep together and make installation easier
– More often on walls • Mexican
– Made from clay– Shaped by hand– Dried in sun
• Quarry– Fired Earth/Clay– Warm brown to beige
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Resilient Floor Coverings
• Flooring with a semi-hard surface that returns to its original shape after stress
• Warmer and quieter to walk on
• Not quite as durable
• Vinyl and plastic laminate
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• Resists stains, affordable• Sheet Vinyl
– 6, 9, 12 foot sheets– Rotogravure (rō-tə-grə-vyu ̇r)
• Top layer covered with clear coating• Thin, tears easily
– Inlaid• Colored chips make designs (heat,
pressure)• Design all the way to backing• Most durable of the vinyl
Vinyl
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Vinyl
• Vinyl Tiles– 12 in. X 12 in.– Sticky backing – Place together like a puzzle
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Carpet
• Insulates against drafts• Decreases noise• More comforting feel• Quality
– Pile (nap): visible surface of carpet– Density: how close the tufts are made together, more
important than depth– Heat setting– Twist– Depth
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Carpet Fibers
Nylon: – most popular,
– durable,
– easy to maintain,
– limited colors
Polypropylene (olefin):– strong, – nonabsorbent, – resists stains and static, – colorfast, – cheap, – crushes easily, – limited colors, – heat sensitive
95% made of manufactured fibers
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Carpet Fibers Cont.Polyester blend (PET)
• made from recycled plastics, • resists stains and fading
Acrylic: • feels and looks like wool, • low static level, • resists mildew, • subject to pilling
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Carpet Fibers Cont.
• soft• durable• long lasting• expensive
• moth sensitive• shrinkage• allergies• hard to clean
Wool:
Carpeting Textures / Categories• Cut Pile
– Formal looking plush, velvet, smooth, may flatten
• Saxony– Similar to cut but yarns have
been twisted more giving less formal appearance
• Frieze– Informal, curly texture, shows
minimal marksschool.edhole.com
Carpeting Textures / Categories
• Level Loop– Loops are all same height, may have flecks of
darker color, durable
• Multi-level Loop– Two or three loop heights, sculpted or
embossed effect, good in high traffic areas
• Cut and Loop Pile– Sculptured effect from some looks cut and
some braided, very durable
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Backing or Cushion
• Extends life of carpet
• Shock absorber
• Less than ½” thick
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Laws
• Flammable Fabrics Act- Federal Govt. protects consumers with regulations. Must follow standards for fabrics, rugs, carpets, mattresses
• Label must include: – Fiber content and percentage– Manufacturer– Country of origin– Care information
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