S.A.- 2

ACTIVITYOF S.S.T

MAJOR INDSTRIES

INTRODUCTION:-

A wide variety of industries have developed all over the world. They include textiles, food processing, beverages, metallurgical, engineering, transport equipment, chemicals, cement, etc, but three major industries are iron & steel, textiles, and I.T.

Iron and steel industryThis is a basic industry. Iron and steel are used in the manufacturing of machines, tools and various equipments used by

other industries. In fact, production of iron and steel is an index of the industrial

growth of a nation.

The raw materials used in the iron and steel industry are iron ore, coal, limestone

and manganese. The iron ore is mixed with coal and

limestone and smelted together in a blast furnace. The molten iron is run into

moulds and is called pig iron. After it solidifies it is hard and strong but very

brittle as it contains impurities. The impurities are removed and pure iron is

obtained. Some carbon is mixed with pure iron to make steel.

Steel is very flexible and can be made into any shape like sheets, wires, rods, etc.

Iron ore is mixed with limestone

Smelted together in

a blast furnace

Run into moulds

(pig iron)

Impurities are removed

Pure iron is obtained

Carbon is mixed with

pure iron

Steel is obtained.

Process Of Iron & Steel Producti

on

Iron and steel industry is raw material oriented and has largely developed in those regions where

iron ore and coal are available in the same vicinity.

Some major iron and steel producing countries are the USA, the UK,

Russia, Japan, China, India, Australia, Brazil, etc.

Textile industry This is a very important as it satisfies one of the basic needs of humans, namely clothing. It employs a large number of people all over

the world.

Textile have been made since ancient times using plant products like cotton, jute, and flax and animal products like wool and silk. These

are the natural fibres. Synthetic fibres like rayon, nylon, acrylic and polyester have now

been introduced and have increasingly popular.

Textile Industry

Natural Fibres

Synthetic fibres

Cotton, Jute, Flax, Wool, Silk, etc.

Rayon, Nylon, Acrylic, Polyester,

etc.

Cotton textile:-

Cotton textiles are believed to have originated in the Indus Valley Civilisation. Earlier, cotton used to be spun and woven by hand using spinning wheels and looms.The industrial revolution brought about a dramatic change in the textile industry.Power looms started being used, first in Great Britain, and then spread to other parts of the world.Today, there are three types of mills – spinning mills, which produce yarn, weaving mills, which produce cloth and composite mills, which produce both yarn and cloth.In India, the cotton textile industry is mainly located in the cotton producing states of Gujarat, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu. Mumbai and Ahmedabad are the two most important centres. Kanpur, Kolkata, Nagpur, Sholapur, Indore, Coimbatore and Delhi are the other centres of this industry.

Woollen industry:-

The woollen industry is important in Russia, the USA, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, South Africa, France, Germany, Japan and India. In India, this industry is concentrated in Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, and Gujarat. Dhariwal, Ludhiana, Panipat, Kanpur, Jaipur, Mumbai and Ahmedabad are important centre. India imports good quality raw wool from Australia.

The Jute Industry:-

The Jute Industry produces useful goods like ropes, mats, bags, packing materials, jute cloth, etc. India and Bangladesh have monopolised the production of both raw jute as well as jute goods. In India this industry is concentrated in the Hugli River in West Bengal which, apart from being the main growing area, has the benefit of cheap water transport. Jute industry faces tough competition from synthetic fibres.

Silk Textile:-

Silk textiles originated in China. Silk has also been produced in Japan, Korea and India since ancient times. Rearing of silk worms and producing of silk thread from the cocoons are household industries. The textile is mostly woven on handlooms. Japan is leading producer of silk in the world. In India, most of the production comes from Karnataka, West Bengal, and Jammu and Kashmir. The main silk producing centres are Bengaluru, Mysore, Murshidabad, Bankura, and Srinagar.

Synthetic Textiles:-Synthetic Textiles like rayon, nylon acrylic, and polyester, etc are a recent introduction. They have become very popular because they are cheaper, easier to maintain and more durable than the natural textiles. The USA, Japan, Germany, Russia, and India are the major producers of synthetic textiles.

Information Technology IndustryThe technology of storing, processing, and distributing information is called information technology. The use of satellites with computers, have helped in the development of information technology and have revolutionised our communication system.Today, the IT industry is making rapid progress across the globe and we have access to any type of information at the click of a ‘mouse’.

History of Information TechnologyThe PC Revolution started when in 1976 the first Personal Computer, Apple I, was released and the very next year, Apple II was introduced.

Hewlett Packard launched its first PC in 1980.

In 1982 International Business Machines(IBM) launched a personal computer which had a disk operating system DOS developed by Microsoft.

In the seventies, attention was paid to the memory of the silicon chips.

In 1973 Intel introduced the standard CPU . They formed the basis of a computer’s operation.

Microprocessors gradually improved and a host of computer peripherals like modem, printers, disk drives, etc flooded the market.

The Internet has changed the world of information technology. Silicon Valley

has emerged triumphant from this recent revolution and is the IT centre of the world. Now there are about 4,000 IT

related companies located in this region, generating about $200 billion

revenue annually. Some giants are Intel, Sun, Apple Computers, Hewlett Packard,

IBM, Cisco and Netscape.

Submitted By:-Harshpreet KaurVIII-ARoll No.- 8

Submitted To:-Ms. SumedhaS.S.T Teacher