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Neighborhood

Our dwellings are not in isolated

places,

they are in groups

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This is from eastern Black Sea high lands

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This is from central part of Turkey

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Comparing the two pictures we can see many

differences, the most stricking one is the

density difference

• The first one is a country side settlement where

density is very low (yayla yerleşmesi)

• The second one is also in the country side but

an agricultural settlement where density is a little

higher.

Both are rural settlements (kırsal yerleşim)

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There are other differences

• There is no evidence of agriculture in the

first picture but there are large pastures in

the vicinity.There is animal husbandry (hayvancılık)

• The trees are naturally grown (hüda-i nabit)

• Large open spaces indicate that land price

is low, or may be there is no private land

ownership (toprak kamu malı)

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• In the second picture there is smooth

topography and indicators of agriculture.

• Trees are planted by people.

• Houses are located more closely but only

one or two storey high.

• The boundary walls show that there is land

ownership but its price is not as high as it

is in the cities.

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So we can jump to 3 conclusions :

• Our homes are located within groups.

• Some groups are denser than others.

• Location of our homes and density

difference depends on how we live.

Density = number of people / on a piece of land

Population density & Built area density are co-related

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A quick history of our own

dwellings

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• Up until 1970 ies, all towns had a housing

stock peculiar to a certain region(sadece bir

yöreye has evler, yöresel ev). We call them

vernacular, traditional or local homes.

• With increase of population and rapid

urbanization we have lost most of them.

• But deep in our collective memory (toplumsal

hafızada) they live as “spatial models” .

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Some of the surviving examples(try to identify their materials and construction systems)

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• Göynük

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• İnebolu

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• Karadeniz

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• Nevşehir

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• Urfa

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• These are just snap shots to give us an

impression of how our grand parents lived.

• What do we learn from them about our

grand parents' lives ?

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• They were building their homes with

materials available in the vicinity.

• They were building only 1 or 2 storey high

buildings.

• In the cities or in the rural settelements they

were not living as densely as we do.

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• Modest house of a

small family

• With a court yard

• Adobe

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• Again a modest but larger

home

• With a court yard

• Adobe

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• Again from Konya

• A large home of a large

family

• A cout yard and a garden

• Adobe

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• Not as large but similar home

• Two different court yards

• Stone masonry

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• Bursa was always an

industrial-commertial city.

• One side of this house was

the shopping street.

• Thimber frame structure.

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• All of them are examples from

– Pre-industrial

– Low-density cities

In this context (time&place) families were larger

House hold size was avarage 5 to 12 people

Today house holds are avarage 1 to 4 people

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• That means, today we have to place more

people on same m2 area = Higher density.

• Now let us return to our time & place

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This is also from central part of Turkey today

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• In this picture, houses are located more

closely and there is indicator of a town

center : the mosque…

• And even the first multi-storey building, the

first apartment house of the town is on

the main street.

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In tree pictures we see tree settlement patterns :

In the small town

settlemet

•houses are multi

storey and even an

apartment building

•located very closely

(medium density)

•no gardens

•there are streets

In the country side

settlement

•houses are single

storey

•located closer,(low

density)

•each unit has a clear

lot

•gardens are

seperated

•there are streets

In the yayla

settlement

•houses are single

storey,

•located far apart,(very

low desity)

•there are no

boundries of lots,

•no garden walls,

•no streets

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• So far we are still in rural towns,

country side (kırsal çevre)

• But now majority of our population is living

in cities (kentsel çevre)

• How about DENSITY in the cities?

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We like it or not we have to understand

density increase as a phenomena

How and why it happened ?

Population increase

Rapid flow of population

Life style change

New technologies

all effected

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• All contries lived through such a transition

– It began in different times of history in different

places.

– Some countries applied planning.

• In Turkey, the process started at 1960 ies.

– We have planning but not no enforcement.

– Our transition was far too rapid than expected.

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• Planned neighborhoods dictate their own

house forms which group in a pattern.

• It has a terninology of its own (yöresel evler için

olmayan konut tipi isimleri)......

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Terminology of housing patterns

• Detached house (tek ev) a single family

unit under one roof, usually 1 or 2 storey.

• Semi-detached house (ikiz ev) two single

family units attached on one side, usually

1 or 2 storey.

• Row house (sıra ev) several units

attached to form a row, usually 1 or 2

storey.

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In a planned settlement

one building lot (bir

parsel) used by one

family.

We call this dwelling

form

DETACHED HOUSING

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• We call it “bahçeli

tek ev / müstakil ev”

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Demand for housing

increases, homes

built side by side

forming rows.

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Row houses

• We call them “sıra ev”.

• Some are modest, some well to do single

family homes.

• Some are low rised apartment buildings.

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Row houses from Ireland for low income

population

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19th century London, prestigious row houses

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19th. century Şişli row house

• This is where Atatürk

lived when Istanbul was

under British occupation.

The house is typical of its

time, it is kept as a

museum. The two

buildings on each side

were renewed as high

raised apartments in 1960

ies

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Housing demand increases even

further....

Multi storey row houses become

“Rows of apartment buildings”

This process started at 19.th

century.

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Apartment Building :

In crowded

European cities,

of 19 th. century

were mostly

prestigous.

This is from Paris.

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So is our Şişli

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Apartment Buildings• Low raised apartment building (az katlı apartman

binası), several single family units in separate

flats, under same roof. Usually 2 to 4 storey. May

be detached or in a row.

• High raised apartment building (çok katlı

apartman binası), many flats under same roof.

Usually 8 to 15 storey high. The higher ones are

usually free standing blocks.

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• The latest trend in Turkey is to design and

build an entire neighborhood all together.

• We call them mass housing.

• They sometimes combine all types.

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A combined neighboorhood

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