David De Roure

The Wider Environment ofOpen Scholarship – Looking Ahead

A revolutionary idea…Open Science!

rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org

Overview

1. Shifts in scholarship

2. End of the article

3. Future of the article

4. Scholarly Social Machines

The Big Picture

More people

Mor

e m

achi

nes Big Data

Big Compute

Conventional Computation

“Big Social”Social Networks

e-infrastructure

Online R&D(Science 2.0)

Social Machines

@dder

?

Edwards, P. N., et al. (2013) Knowledge Infrastructures: Intellectual Frameworks and Research Challenges. Ann Arbor: Deep Blue. http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/97552

Chr

istin

e B

orgm

an

Pip Willcox

@marstonbikepath

Datasets or dataflows?

F i r s t

theODI.org

New Social Process

http://www.theguardian.com/uk/series/reading-the-riots

www.zooniverse.org

Scientists

TalkForum

ImageClassification

data reduction

Citizen Scientists

Community Software

Supercomputer

Digital Music Collections

Student-sourced ground truth

Community Software

Linked Data Repositories

Supercomputer

23,000 hours ofrecorded music

Music InformationRetrieval Community

SALAMI

Pip Willcox

FUSING AUDIO AND SEMANTIC TECHNOLOGIES forINTELLIGENT MUSIC PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION

Interdisciplinary and “in the wild”

In it not on it Pull not Push

http://www.scilogs.com/eresearch/pages-of-history/ David De Roure

1. It was no longer possible to include the evidence in the paper – container failure!

“A PDF exploded today when a scientist tried to paste in the twitter firehose…”

2. It was no longer possible to reconstruct a scientific experiment based on a paper alone

4. Research records needed to be readable by computer to support automation and curation

A computationally-enabled sense-making network of expertise, data, models and narratives.

5. Single authorship gave way to casts of thousands

8. Research funders frustrated by inefficiencies in scholarly communication

An investment is only worthwhile if• Outputs are discoverable• Outputs are reusable…and preferably outputs accrue value through use

Using an obsolete scholarly communication system impedes innovation and hence return on investmentWhat are we doing about it?Trying to fix it using an obsolete scholarly communication system!

data

methodscript

program

workflowmodel

protocol

…

Nei

l Chu

e H

ong

Open Source Software as a model for Open Scholarship?

Research Objects

ComputationalResearch Objects

The Evolution of myExperiment

WorkflowsPacks O

AIO

RE

W3C PRO

V

Social Objects

Notifications and automatic re-runs

Machines are users too

AutonomicCuration

Self-repair

New research?

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stacks_in_Michigan_State_University_library.JPG

Executable Documents

Knuth, Literate Programming

The R Dimensions

Research Objects facilitate research that is reproducible, repeatable, replicable, reusable, referenceable, retrievable, reviewable, replayable, re-interpretable, reprocessable, recomposable, reconstructable, repurposable, reliable, respectful, reputable, revealable, recoverable, restorable, reparable, refreshable?”

@dder 14 April 2014

sci method

access

understand

new use

social

curation

Research Object

Principles

Real life is and must be full of all kinds of social constraint – the very processes from which society arises. Computers can help if we use them to create abstract social machines on the Web: processes in which the people do the creative work and the machine does the administration... The stage is set for an evolutionary growth of new social engines. The ability to create new forms of social process would be given to the world at large, and development would be rapid. Berners-Lee, Weaving the Web, 1999 (pp.

172–175)

Social Machines

SOCIAM: The Theory and Practice of Social Machines is funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant number EPJ017728/1 and comprises the Universities of Southampton, Oxford and Edinburgh. See sociam.org

ScholarlyMachinesEcosystemDavid De Roure, JCDL 2013

Richard O’Bierne

“Yet Wikipedia and its stated ambition to “compile the sum of all human knowledge” are in trouble. The volunteer workforce that built the project’s flagship, the English-language Wikipedia—and must defend it against vandalism, hoaxes, and manipulation—has shrunk by more than a third since 2007 and is still shrinking… The main source of those problems is not mysterious. The loose collective running the site today, estimated to be 90 percent male, operates a crushing bureaucracy with an often abrasive atmosphere that deters newcomers who might increase participation in Wikipedia and broaden its coverage…”

http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/520446/the-decline-of-wikipedia/

A computationally-enabled sense-making network of expertise,

data, software, models and narratives

Iain Buchan

1. Shifts in scholarship– A “turn” or ongoing transformation?

2. End of the article– Don’t retrofit digital, think post-digital

3. Future of the article– Social Objects in a sensemaking network of humans

and machines– Evolution or the other side of the road?– Affordances of digital

4. Social Machines– Humans in the loop, empowered– You are designers of scholarly social machines

Thanks to Richard O’Bierne, Christine Borgman, Iain Buchan, Neil Chue Hong, Carole Goble, Chris Lintott, Nigel Shadbolt, Pip Willcox, Jun Zhao; FORCE11, myExperiment, Software Sustainability Institute, wf4ever, SOCIAM; Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, JISC, EPSRC, ESRC, AHRC.

david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.ukwww.oerc.ox.ac.uk/people/dder@dder

www.oerc.ox.ac.ukwww.force11.org

www.researchobject.orgwww.software.ac.uk

sociam.org

www.oerc.ox.ac.uk

david.deroure@oerc.ox.ac.uk@dder