The Rise and Spread of The Rise and Spread of ChristianityChristianity

The of the Roman Empire signaled the end of the ancient period of European history.

The next millennium is called the Middle Ages (500-1500 C.E.) which connects the ancient with the modern period.

It is divided into Early Middle Ages (500-1050 CE), High Middle Ages (1050-1270 C.E.) and Late or End of Middle Ages (1270-1500 C.E.)

In the Middle Ages, some of the characteristics of classical civilization – Greek and Roman were combined with other fields of Germanic civilization to form a way of life that is called medieval.

During this period, the most stable institution was Christianity and its church.

It is also said that the growth o Christianity was one of the factors that brought about the fall of the Roman Empire.

The teachings of Jesus The teachings of Jesus ChristChrist

- It compared his teachings to a call for rebellion. This was because Jesus promoted the belief on one god.

- In 33 C.E. Jesus was executed through crucifixion on the cross upon the orders of Pontius Pilate, the governor of Judea

Paul: Disciple of JesusPaul: Disciple of JesusThe most important of Christian

missionariesA Jew from Tarsus, a city in Asia

Minor.Believed that Christianity was

against Judaism.He joined in the torture of Christians.From 37 C.E. until 67 C.E. he

traveled to various cities in the Eastern Mediterranean to bring the teachings of Jesus.

The Torture of ChristiansThe Torture of ChristiansRoman Empire allowed other religions

as long as the people accepted the authority of the government.

Christians did not accept the law on emperor worship; enemy of the state.

Nero was one of the emperors who hated Christians.

He accused them of burning Rome in 64 CE and therefore punished them.

The widespread persecution of Christians occurred during the time of Emperor Decius in2 49 until 252 CE.

However, Christianity did not fade away as many believed.

In 311 CE, Christiaity was made legal in Eastern Roman Empire.

After 2 years, through the Edict of Milan, Emperor Constantine made Christianity legal religion throughout the Roman Empire.

In 395 CE, Emperor or Theodosius made Christianity the official religion.

The First ChurchesThe First ChurchesEcclesia- a small group, means a

meeting- they usually meet on

their houses.-the first churches were

built in Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople and Corinth.

- the church in Rome was visited by St. Peter and St. Paul.

A Religion for AllA Religion for AllIn 325 CE Emperor Constantine

convened the Council of Nicaea to draft a collection of teachings of Christianity.

The result of the meeting was the belief that God and Jesus Christ were of the same substance.

The Old Testament of the Jew is the official book of the divine scriptures of Christianity. The 27 books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John wrote after the death of Jesus Christ constitute the Ne Testament.

Epistles- letters used by Paul to communicate.

The official doctrine or theology of the Christian Church was arranged in an orderly framework by four scholar priests – Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory.

Vulgate- Latin bible used during the Medieval Age.

The Organization of the The Organization of the ChurchChurch

LAYMEN

PRIESTS

BISHOPS

ARCHBISHOP

CARDINAL

POPE

The Germanic TribesThe Germanic TribesIn the 4th century CE, many Germanic

tribes in Europe lived east of the Rhine River and north of the Danube River.

These Germanic tribes were called barbarians.

They tilled soil and herded animals.They were large and athletic built.They value strength and courage in

battle.They worshipped various gods like

Tiw, Woten, Thor, and Freya.

The Church As The Defender The Church As The Defender Of CivilizationOf CivilizationWith the fall of the Western Roman

Empire, the church shouldered the burden of preserving the civilization of the Roman Empire and the introduction of this civilization to the Germanic tribes.

During the invasion of the Germanic tribes, the church fulfilled its duty to defend the weak and punish the wicked.

Anyone who wanted to defend himself could find refuge called right of sanctuary in any church.

The popes carried out some of the powers of the former emperors of the Roman Empire.

The church established courts and the collection of taxes was allowed.

MonasticismMonasticismwithdrawal from the world to

attain higher level of devotion to Christianity.

Spread in Europe in 520 CE when St. Benedict established a monastery in Monte, Casino in Italy.

The Age of FaithThe Age of FaithWith the fall of the Roman

Empire, Europe entered the period of the Dark Ages from 6th-8th century.

The Church has a collection of beliefs that are accepted by anyone who becomes a Christian.

7 Sacraments* - is an 7 Sacraments* - is an external sign left to give external sign left to give grace.grace.a. Baptismb. Confirmationc. Marriaged. Extreme Unctione. Confessionf. Eucharistg. Holy Orders

Laws of the ChurchLaws of the ChurchCanon Law- is derived from Holy

Scriptures, from the writings and decrees of the Popes.

Heresy- belief that was contrary to Christian doctrines or teachings was the gravest of all crimes.

Inquisition- the court that was established to look for and punish heretics.

Principal Weapons Used By Principal Weapons Used By The ChurchThe Churcha. Excommunicationb. Interdictc. DepositionESTABLISHMENT OF THE FRANCISCAN

AND DOMINICAN ORDERSIn the 13th century, two orders of

priests were established. a. O.F.M.b. O.P.

The Defense of the Holy The Defense of the Holy LandLandFor hundred years, Christians

were free to go to Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land to visit the holy places associated with the life and death of Jesus Christ.

However this privilege was revoked by the Seljuk Turks; they were nomads from the deserts of Central Asia who embraced Islam.

Call For CrusadeCall For CrusadeEmperor Alexius I asked help

from pope Urban II to save the empire and preserve Christianity in the east.

Pope Urban II called for a council in1095 in Clermont where he invited thousands of knights “to take up the cross” and promised them forgiveness for al their sins.

Reasons:Reasons:Sincere desire to defend

Christian devoteesFor adventureEscape debts or the lawTo become wealthyThey feared closure of trade

(merchants)

First Crusade ( 1096-First Crusade ( 1096-1099)1099)- Joined by more than 10,000 farmers who did not

have any knowledge and training in warfare.- A large part of the first crusade consisted of

20,000 to 25,000 knights.- 1097- invaded Asia Minor; after 2 years Antioch in

Syria.- July 15, 1099, they successfully entered Jerusalem- Four Crusader states were established: a. Kingdom of Jerusalem- Godfrey of Bouillonb. Edessac. Antiochd. Tripoli

Second Crusade (1147-Second Crusade (1147-1149)1149)1144, Edessa once again fell into

the hands of the Seljuk.Bernard of Clairvaux called for

another crusade.Many responded but French and

German lords did not trust one another. They left Europe separately.

Immediate defeat to Musilims.

Third Crusade (1189-Third Crusade (1189-1192)1192)1189- Seljuks captured all of the

crusader states except for the city of Tyre.

2 years after they captured Jerusalem; the power of Muslims was returned to Saladin.

Three of the greatest kings of Europe led the 3rd crusade: Frederick Barbosa, Richard the Lion-Hearted, and Philip Augustus.

Fourth Crusade (1202-Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)1204)In 1198, Pope Innocent III called for a

Crusade to restore the once great honor of Jerusalem.

Instead of going to Jerusalem and fighting the Muslims, the Crusaders invaded Constantinople; because of the invitation of the merchants of Venice that it was necessary to bring back the Catholic faith among the Christian Orthodox.

1203, Crusaders captured Constantinople and placed their emperor on the throne.

Destroyed the altar in Hagia Sophia.

Results of the CrusadeResults of the CrusadeFailed to achieve its principal aim

to return Jerusalem into the hands of Christians

The Byzantine Empire was greatly weakened by the crusades.

At first crusade increased the power and influence of the Pope. However, after the 4th crusade, church received criticisms and castigations.

The crusade help the kings to extend their power over the nobles who controlled large tracts of lands.

Improved science of warfareHastened the growth of trade

between east and westBrought a new incentive in the

search for new trade routes and the emergence of commercial towns.

Helped in the discovery of Asia by the Europeans.

Terms to remember:Terms to remember:Christianity InquisitionUniversity Interdict

Church Holy OrderTheology CrusadeBasilica ChurchMystery Play University