El presente del Subjuntivo

The Indicative

� Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The Indicative

� Aprendo francés para mi viaje.

The Subjunctive

� Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The Subjunctive

� We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

The Subjunctive

� We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands..

The Subjunctive

� We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The Subjunctive

� For -ar verbs:� e, es, e, emos, éis, en� For -er/-ir verbs:� a, as, a, amos, áis, an

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

� As with commands, if there is a stem change all forms will change in the subjunctive except for the nosotros and vosotros forms.

Sembrar – to plant

siembro

siembres

siembre

sembremos

sembréis

siembren

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

� As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

� caerse� decir� hacer� poner� salir

� tener� traer

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

Tener – to have

tenga

tengas

tenga

tengamos

Tengáis

tengan

The Subjunctive

� The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes in any verb with an irregular yo form. (just like negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands.

CONOCER – to know

conozca

conozcas

conozca

conozcamos

conozcáis

conozcan

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

� Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

buscar busco busque

pagar pago pague

cruzar cruzo cruce

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

� D – Dar (Dé, des, dé, demos deis den)

� I – IR (vaya, vayas vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan)

� S – Ser (Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean)

� H – Haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan)

� E – Estar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén)

� S – Saber (sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)

When to use Subjunctive

� 1. A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.

� For example:

The Subjunctive

� Quiero que tú superes los obstáculos.

� I want you to overcome obstacles.

2. A verb of Volition(what may or may not happen):

� W – Wishes, Wants� E – Emotions, feelings, thoughts� I – Impersonal Expressions� R – Requests, Recommendations� D – Doubt, Denial, Disagreement� O – Ojalá (I hope to God)

The Subjunctive

� Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.

� I suggest that you drink water before running.

The Subjunctive

� El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.

� The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.

The Subjunctive� Es necesario que protejas el medio

ambiente.� It’s necessary that you protect the

environment.� Es importante que los jóvenes

solucionen los problemas.� It’s important that the young people

solve problems.

3. A change of subject

� Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses

Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

The Subjunctive

� The first subject uses the present indicative verb (of volition) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The Subjunctive

� Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive:

� Decir� Insistir en� Necesitar� Permitir� Preferir (e > ie)

� Prohibir� Querer (e > ie)� Recomendar (e > ie)� Sugerir (e > ie)

PRACTICE

� Es necesario que tú _________ (hacer) la tarea.

� Mi madre quiere que yo _______ (sacar) buenas notas.

� Es preciso ________(beber) mucha agua todos los días.

� Ojalá que la actividad no _______(ser) plantar árboles

hagas

saque

bebas

sea