THE INTEGRATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES BETWEEN ORIENTATION AND VENTILATION TO ACHIEVE USER COMFORT IN S11 HOUSE

PROJECT 1CASE STUDY PAPER

THE INTEGRATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES BETWEEN ORIENTATION AND VENTILATION TO ACHIEVE USER COMFORT IN S11 HOUSE.

NAME : TAY JIA JIANSTUDENT ID : 0315508LECTURER : PN.NORHAYATISUBMISSION DATE : 29thJUNE 2016

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Table of Contents

1.0 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….. 2

2.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………. 3

3.0 Orientation of S11 House design in response to site context …………………… 4

3.1 Opening

3.2 Open Plan Layout

4.0 Material that use to help A11 house achieve user comfort…………………. …… 11

4.1 Roof Material

4.2 Wall

5.0 Ventilation design response to Malaysia………………………………………….. 15

5.1 Vegetation

5.2 Overhang

5.3 Paint

6.0 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….. 18

7.0 Reference…………………………………………………………………………… 19

ASIAN ARCHITECTURE (ARC60403/ARC2234)

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1.0 ABSTRACTThis research paper is to study how orientation integrate with ventilation as design

strategies in order to reduce the heat gain and achieve the user comfort. In S11 house

ventilation design strategies act as an important role to adapt tropical climate in

Malaysia. Open plan layout is one of the ventilation strategies to encourage the air

movement in the interior of the S11 house. There are many architecture methods that

can achieve the user comfort in a buildings. S11 house adopt several type of openings

maximizes the ventilation purposes. Many type of materials haven been developed such

as environment friendly materials for protect environments and face extreme weather.

S11 house also adopt many sustainable materials and recycling materials to reduce the

waste and increase the energy efficiency. The east and west walls were constructed

aerated lightweight concrete block and in addition they were coated in heat reflecting

paint in camouflage to reduce the heat gain during day time. S11 house also re-used

the demolished old house materials. For example, old crushed concrete roof titles for

gravel fill. Due to the hot issue today, we will look into the ventilation design strategies in

S11 house how it to address the heat gain issue in Malaysia today such as openings,

material, high ceiling and etc. In S11 house it adopted a few vernacular design features

to overcome the Malaysia tropical climate. It is can be further analysis and eventually

become a common practice in the construction field in Malaysia. In conclusion, we can

learn a lot of ways to reduce heat gain and achieve user comfort from S11 house which

achieve highest Platinum rating in Malaysia’s Green Building Index (GBI).


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2.0 INTRODUCTIONS11 house located at an established older suburb of Petaling Jaya. It’s designed by

Ar.Dr Tan Loke Mun. S11 House is the house which first house in Malaysia achieve the

highest level Platinum rating of Malaysia’s Green Buildings Index (GBI). In order to

achieve the achieve the Platinum rating in GBI the architect implemented many green

design features into the house.

Figure 2.1: S11 House

Source: (http://www.s11house.com/#introduction )

Research Questions:

1. How orientation integrate with ventilation as design strategies to increase user

comfort in S11 house?

2. What are the different type of materials used in S11 house to achieve the user

comfort?

3. How does the ventilation design strategies address the heat gain issue today in

Malysia?


http://www.s11house.com/#introduction

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Figure 3.3 The existing tree

Figure 3.2 The existing tree

3.0 ORIENTATION OF S11 HOUSE DESIGN IN REPONSE TO SITE CONTEXT

From the Figure 3.1, we can see clearly of the orientation of S11 house the east and west

direction and protected by the tress to prevent the sun can 100% direcly to shine on the wall

and reduce the heat gain in the interior space. Those tree that located in plan aren’t the

plantation .Those tree are existing before the S11 house was built and when the architect was

design this house, he response to the site context make use of the existing vegetation.


7.00a.m

12.00p.m 6.00p.m

Figure 3.1 The orientation of S11

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Figure 3.6 The staircase area casement window

Figure 3.5 The study room casement window

Figure 3.4 The casement window

3.1 Opening

Due to the orientation of the house the façade, the opening and the material for certain

area will be different. For the opening in S11 house it is well design to response the

house orientation. The opening need to be maximize the ventilation while also need

allow more daylight come in. If the opening didn’t designed well it will cause buildings

gain more heat from the opening.

Casement Window

Casement window are commonly use for housing project because it can provide 90%

ventilation and more aesthetic compare with other type of window. Casement window

are eay to install and operate it but it has size limitation can’t make it too big compare

with sliding window.


Pros- Variety of design features

- 90% ventilation provide

- Easy to install

Cons- Size limitation

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Figure 3.8 casement window in first floorFigure 3.7 casement window in ground floor

Refer the diagram above, In S11 house the casement window are most used in the

interior area such as kitchen, study room and so on. Most of the opening in S11 House

are designed according the wind direction to let the cross ventilation more efficiency

inside the house and the height of casement window is designed according human body

level to bring the biggest comfort for the owner.


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Figure 3.11 The sliding room toward balcony

Figure 3.10 The sliding room in living room

Figure 3.9 The sliding room

Sliding Door (Glass)

Sliding door with glass material can provide the beautiful view of the surroundings for

the user and at the same time can provide ventilation also. In S11 house the Sliding

door with glass materials often use in the public area such as the living room, balcony

and others. It is because this type of sliding door can take the advantages of the

features of material glass to let the natural daylight come in from the exterior into public

area space so reduce for the lighting energy.


Pros- Energy efficiency

- Minimal maintenance

- Easy to use

Cons- Hard to clear

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Figure 3.13 sliding door in first floorFigure 3.12 sliding in ground floor

Refer the diagram above, sliding door are used in more public space area , it will help to

improve the ventilation by open up the sliding door let the fresh air to cool the interior

space and let the natural cozy sunlight to come in reduce rely on the artifical light which

can cause more heat enrgy by release heat energy when operate it.

3.2 Open Plan layout in S11 house

Open plan layout is to respond Malaysia hot climate and by using open plan layout it

allow the air from exterior more easily exchange with the interior compare with the not


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Figure 3.15 Open plan space

Figure 3.14 The diagram of open plan layout

open plan. This plan layout out cooperate with orientation and openings to make sure

the cross ventilation more efficiency.

In open plan layout the ventilation performance better than usual. This is because open

plan layout allow air flow more freely and help windows work more efficiency. The figure

show in S11 the dining area, kitchen and living room combined as an open space. The

ventilation in this area also assist by the casement window to maintain clear

atmosphere.

The elongated open plan of the traditional Malay house which minimize the interior

partitions to emphasize the air movement inside the house.

Same as in S11 house, the architect adapt the open plan in interior layout to minimize

the use of the energy to achieve the user comfort level.


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The figure above show the plan of S11 house with plot out the open plan layout area

and the cross ventilation diagram. There are many casement window and sliding door

available let the air come in to cool down the interior space. The sliding door in ground

floor are big enough to change sufficient air into interior and cool down every corner in

the house. Fresh indoor air can let the user more enjoy the space.


Figure 3.17 Ground floor open plan layoutFigure 3.16 First floor open plan layout

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4.0 MATERIAL THAT USE TO HELP S11 HOUSE ACHIEVE USER

COMFORT

One of the main element to achieve the user comfort for a green buildings is material

parts. Use the environment friendly materials which are sustainable or can be reuse and

recycle. These will help much in reduce the environmental impacts associated with the

construction wastage. The materials of the house most are the natural finishes which is

raw off-form. In S11 House the architect use lot of the recycle material from the project

reject.


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Figure 4.3 The interior look of same material

Figure 4.1 The colour of roof after coated

4.1 Roof Material

The roof materials is made of the profiled steel metal sheets which is a lightweight

recyclable materials.

The architect of S11 house pay much concern about the roof material selection it is

because the roof need exposed to the blazing sun of Malaysia whole day so if it can

reduce the heat absorption from the roof it will be useful very useful to achieve the user

comfort. In this figure u can see the roof is white color because the architect coated a

light off color to it in order to minimize the heat gain from the roof.


Figure 4.1 Roof plan of S11 house

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Figure 4.5 The material pictures

Figure 4.6 The elevation of the wall

The ceiling also is the same material which the orange colour which is original color

because it is interior don’t need to coated light colour to reduce the heat absorption.

4.2 East and West Wall Material

The west-east wall are constructed by different material with the north – south wall

because the architect want to use aerated light weight concrete block which is a light

weight material, low thermal mass and high in thermal insulation which is very suitable

material of wall for Malaysia hot and humid climate.

The west-east wall are constructed by aerated lightweight concrete block. Aerated light

weight concrete block is a light weight material, low thermal mass and high in thermal

insulation. Because of the high in thermal insulation it allow reduce the heat transferred

thought the material. This concrete block also is an environmentally friendly material


Figure 4.4 The east-west wall

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because it is long lasting. This material also is a good ventilation material because it is

very airy and allow the diffusion of water.


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Figure 4.8 The sliding door

Figure 4.6 The casement window

Glass Material

For Malaysia climate glass materials is a very hard control material because if too many

glass maybe cause the interior because too hot and if too less there will too less natural

light source. In S11 house the architect applied many glass ever many sliding is glass

material one it is because he want maximize the natural daylight and also provide good

view from the interior toward exterior.

In

In figure 4.7 Show the casement window and the sliding door with glass location. From the

drawing we can see almost every direction got natural daylight source.


Figure 4.7 The sliding door and casement window location

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Figure 5.1 The roof plan

Figure 5.2 The overhang part

Figure 5.3 The high ceiling

5.0 VENTILATION DESIGN RESPONSE TO MALAYSIA CLIMATE

5.1 Overhangs

The modernism of the architecture in Malaysia almost abandon the vernacular

architecture, overhang already. Many modern housing with many glass but small

overhang that cause more heat gain to the house compare maximize the use daylight.

In S11 house it has many sliding door with glass to maximize the user of daylight but it

has big overhang to make sure the sunlight didn’t come in 100%. This is the more

correct way to make use of the glass and the overhang.


Refer the figure above, we can see in S11 house the architect adapt the vernacular

architecture which is overhang and cooperate with the modernism architecture

material, glass to suit the Malaysia climate design.

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Figure 5.4 The wire net screen wall location

Figure 5.5 The existing vegetation

Figure 5.6 The wire net screen wall

5.2 Vegetation

InS11 house the Architect make use the vegetation surroundings to form as a shading

devies for the house. In Malaysia hot and humid climate the vegetation one of the best

method to prevent the heat gain to house.

In S11 house the architect use the wire tie from ground floor to the floor let the

vegetation grow and form a screen wall to shade the east and west wall. Those help to

reduce heat gain.In Malysia most of the residence area have plant tree but no much.


Refer the figure above, we can know S11 house is using the screen wall in east

and west direction to prevent the wall fully expose to the sun.

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Figure 5.4 The wall coated with heat reflective paint

Figure 5.6 The heat reflective paint diagram

5.3 Heat Reflective Paint

One special of the materials in S11 house is the heat reflective paint. Those heat

reflective paint coated paint at the camouflage motif. This pi can help reduce much of

the heat gain through the west and east wall because a building exterior wall is the main

heat gain elements. A very good heat reflective paint it can reflect up to 80% of solar

radiation. In Malaysia construction are less concern about this area.


The figure 5.8 is to show the different between the house applied the heat

reflective paint and the other didn’t applied one. The interior temperature is about

4-5oc different. This show heat reflective paint really work to against the heat

absorption but no sure how long it will last because it is easy influence by the

climate.

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CONCLUSION

The s11 house really obtain a good ventilation design strategies to achieve highest

platinum rating in Malaysia’s green building index (GBI). The architect Integrate the

ventilation design strategies with orientation and surroundings to achieve the user

comfort inside s11 house. The architect also using several material of vernacular

architecture element to enhance the ventilation such as sliding door with glass place in

double height living room which a simple example show the orientation integration with

ventilation and achieve the user comfort. S11 house achieve the user comfort by

passive design, but not in the mechanical way. S11 house really is an eco-friendly

residence house with excellent ventilation design strategies. If those ventilation design

strategies become common in Malaysia construction fields will help protect our

environment even better.


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REFERENCE S11 House - Malaysia's first GBI Platinum (CVA) rated house. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2016, from http://www.s11house.com/#introduction

Slider Windows: Advantages and Disadvantages. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2016, from http://www.replacementwindowsfordummies.com/articles/slider-windows-advantages-and-disadvantages

Casement Windows: Advantages and Disadvantages. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2016, from http://www.replacementwindowsfordummies.com/articles/casement-windows-advantages-and-disadvantages

Bulletin. (n.d.). Comparative Ventilation Openings Of Various Window Types. VENTILATION OPENINGS. Retrieved May 23, 2016, from http://www.breezway.com.au/downloads/TB_Ventilation_Openings.pdf

3Q 2012 Showcase - 36BTrd - FuturArc. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2016, from http://www.futurarc.com/index.cfm/editorial/futurarc-showcase/3q2012-showcase-36btrd/

Moskow, K. (2008). Sustainable facilities: Green design, construction, and operations. New York: McGraw-Hill.

AAC Advantages and Benefits. (n.d.). Retrieved May 23, 2016, from http://www.aeratedconcreteblock.com/advantages


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THE INTEGRATION OF DESIGN STRATEGIES BETWEEN ORIENTATION AND VENTILATION TO ACHIEVE USER COMFORT IN S11 HOUSE