THE GLOBE AND IT’S FEATURES

Evolution of the Globe

Based on recorded history, the most probable earliest globe was constructed by the Greek geographer Crates of Mallus.

LINES ON THE GLOBE: LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE

• Cartographers use an imaginary grid of parallel lines and vertical lines to locate points on Earth.

• The Equator circles Earth halfway between the north and south poles separating Earth into two equal halves called the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

Latitude and Longitude

Latitude

Lines of latitude are lines running parallel to the equator.

• Latitude is the distance in degrees north or south of the equator.

Latitude

Latitude is thus measured from 0° at the equator to 90° at the poles.

• Locations north of the equator are referred to by degrees north latitude (N).

• Locations south of the equator are referred to by degrees south latitude (S).

Latitude

– Each degree of latitude is equivalent to about 111 km (°) on Earth’s surface. 1° = 70 miles

– To locate positions on Earth more precisely, cartographers break down degrees of latitude into 60 smaller units, called minutes (´). 1' = 1.2 miles

– A minute of latitude can be further divided into seconds (´´). 1" = .02 miles

– Longitude is also divided into degrees, minutes, and seconds.

– Another special lines of Latitude are found at 66 ½ North and 66 ½ South of the Equator.

In the Northern Hemisphere, Latitude 66 ½ is called the Arctic Circles.

– In the Southern Hemisphere, latitude 66 ½ is known as the Antarctic Circles

Between the two tropics and these lines of Latitude are the Middle Latitudes

Beyond Latitude 66 ½ North and South of the Equator are the High Latitudes.

The Parallels are specially noted to show separation between areas that get different amounts of sunlight.

Longitude

To locate positions in east and west directions, cartographers use lines of longitude, also known as Meridians.

• Longitude is the distance in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian.

• The Prime Meridian, representing 0° longitude, is the reference point for longitude.

Longitude

Points west of the prime meridian are numbered from 0° to 180° west longitude (W).

• Points east of the prime meridian are numbered from 0° to 180° east longitude (E).

Longitude

Semicircles

– Lines of longitude are not parallel; they are large semicircles that extend vertically from pole to pole.

– The distances covered by degrees of longitude vary with location.

– One degree of longitude varies from about 111 km at the equator to essentially the distance covered by a point at the poles.

Degrees of Longitude

Longitude

Locating Places with Coordinates

– Both latitude and longitude are needed to precisely locate positions on Earth.

– For example, the location of New Orleans is 29°57´N, 90°04´W.

– Note that latitude comes first in reference to the coordinates of a particular location.

TIME ZONES

Time Zones

Calendar Dates

– Every time zone experiences this transition from one day to the next, with the calendar advancing to the next day at midnight.

– Each time you travel through a time zone, you gain or lose time, eventually gaining or losing an entire day.

– The International Date Line, or 180° meridian, serves as the transition line for calendar days.

– Traveling west across the International Date Line, you would advance your calendar one day.

– Traveling east, you would move your calendar back one day.

Time Zones

Because Earth takes about 24 hours to rotate once on its axis, it is divided into 24 times zones, each representing a different hour.

Time Zones

Each time zone is 15° wide, corresponding roughly to lines of longitude.

• Time zone boundaries have been adjusted in local areas for convenience.

Time Zones

There are six different time zones in the United States.

CONTINENTS AND OCEANS

A Continent is a division of land on the earth. It can also include pieces of land such as islands. The Earth's total land mass is about 29.2% of its total surface. The seven continents are in the order of their size:

• Continent – Largest land masses on the planet. BIGGER than countries, states, counties, cities,

and your back yard• Ocean – Largest body of water on the planet BIGGER than seas, lakes, ponds, and mud

puddles

7 Continents:

1. Asia2. North America3. South America4. Australia5. Europe6. Africa7. Antarctica

The LARGEST continent:

Asia - Home to 60% of the world’s population

The smallest continent is:

Australia – home to seven of the ten deadliest snakes.

North America – North America is the third-largest continent in area, following Asia and Africa,

and the fourth in population after Asia, Africa, and Europe.

The continent with the most countries is:

Africa with 53 countries – home to man-eating lions, flesh-eating viruses,

and poop-eating bugs.

The continent that is a giant desert is:

Antarctica – Population zero…and some penguins.

Where in the world?

The continent with the highest population density is:

Europe – home to the plague, the Spanish Inquisition, and two World

Wars. But the worst thing: Speedos.

The continent with the largest rainforest and river system is:

South America – home to hundreds of unknown and isolated tribes.

4 Oceans:4 Oceans:

1.Atlantic2.Pacific3.Arctic4.Indian

71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by ocean water.

The oceans contain 97% of the earth’s water.

All the oceans and seas are actually one continuous body of water.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's 

oceanic divisions.

The Atlantic which takes in one-quarter of the area of the sea.

ATLANTIC

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions,

with about one-eight of the total area of the sea.

INDIA

Thank You!!

CREDITS TO:

Ronel RagmatBSE-SOCWEEK #3 TOPICS

SUBMITTED TO:Professor Adante