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NISO Two Day Virtual Conference: Using the Web as an E-Content Distribution Platform: Challenges and Opportunities Oct 21-22, 2014 Maryann Martone, Ph.D., Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
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Maryann E. Martone, Ph. D.Executive Director
Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship
Are we there yet?
What is FORCE11?Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship: A grass roots effort to accelerate the pace and nature of scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education and community
Why 11? We were born in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany
Principles laid out in the FORCE11 Manifesto
FORCE11 launched in July 2012
Who is FORCE11?
Anyone who has a stake in moving scholarly communication into the 21st century
Publishers
Library and Information
scientists
Policy makers
Tool builders
Funders
Scholars
Science HumanitiesSocial
Sciences
FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider
impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear
• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge
• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts
• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute
• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable
Beyond the PDF Visual Notes by De Jongens van de Tekeningen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Old Model: Single type of content; single mode of distribution
Scholar
Library
Scholar
Publisher
The future is now...
Scholar
Consumer
Libraries
Data Repositories
Code RepositoriesCommunity databases/platforms
OA
Curators
Social Networks
Social NetworksSocial
Networks
Peer Reviewers
Workflows
Data
Blogs/Wikis
Multimedia
Nanopublications
Narrative
Code
The duality of modern scholarship
Observation: Those who build information systems from the machine side don’t understand the requirements of the human very well
Those who build information systems from the human side, don’t understand requirements of machines very well
Scholarship requires the ability to cite and track usage of scholarly artifacts. In our current mode of working, there is no way to easily track artifacts as they move through the ecosystem; no way to incrementally add human expertise; no way to alert everyone when things go wrong
Impetus for change: Is our current method serving science?
47/50 major preclinical published cancer studies could not be replicated
“The scientific community assumes that the claims in a preclinical study can be taken at face value-that although there might be some errors in detail, the main message of the paper can be relied on and the data will, for the most part, stand the test of time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.”
Begley and Ellis, 29 MARCH 2012 | VOL 483 | NATURE | 531
A new platform for scholarly communications
Components• Authoring tools
– Optimized for mark up and linked content• Containers
– Expand the objects that are considered “publications”– Optimize the container for the content
• Processes– Scholarship is code
• Mark up– Data, claims, content suitable for the web– Suitable identifier systems
• Reward systems– Incentives to change– Reward for new objects
Scholarship must move from a “single currency system”; platforms must recognize diversity of output and representation
FORCE11.org
• Community platform– Meetings– Discussions– Tools and resources– Blogs– Event calendar– Community projects
• Promote interoperability– Data Citation– Resource identification
initiative
500 members from diverse stakeholder groups800
Promote community, cross-fertilization and interoperability
• FORCE11 helps facilitate communications across disciplines and communities
• Issues are not identical but we can learn from each other– Enhanced publications
• Digital humanities +
– Dealing with data• Science +
– Open Access• Science + “What is an ORCID id?”-computer scientist
ORCID
Data journals
Research Data AlliancePeerJ, eLife
Workflows 4Ever
Data Verse
Impact Story, Rubriq
Sadie
Scalar
Resource for scholarly communications: People, organizations, publications, tools
Hypothes.is
FORCE11 Working Groups
• FORCE11 provides a neutral convening place for individuals to come together around issues in scholarly communication– FORCE11 provides web working space and
facilitation where possible– 1K Challenge: Beyond the PDF– Short term working groups with clear focus
• Deliverable specified• Time line determined
Data: Who’s problem is it?
Scholar
Library
Scholar
Publisher
Domain-specific
Repository
Web site/Personal
data management
Computing
Scholars, Data Repositories, Institutional Repositories taking ownership of data. Where should it go? Sometimes it can’t go anywhere.
A place to come together: Data citation principles
•FORCE11 provides a neutral space for bringing groups together
• 35 individuals representing > 20 organizations concerned with data citation
• Conducted a review of current data citation recommendations from 4 different organizations
• Arrived at a sense of consensus principles
Data citation synthesis group: http://www.force11.org/node/4381
Joint Declaration of Data Citation Principles
• Designed to be high level and easy to understand
• Supplemented with a glossary, references and examples
http://www.force11.org/datacitation
1. Importance2. Credit and attribution 3. Evidence4. Unique Identification 5. Access6. Persistence 7. Specificity and verifiability 8. Interoperability and
flexibility
Endorse the Principles!• http://www.force11.org/datacitation/endorsements
185 individuals; 84 organizations
Data Citation Implementation Group
Unique ID’s for all! Resource Identification Initiative
• It is currently impossible to query the biomedical literature to find out what research resources have been used to produce the results of a study
• Impossible to find all studies that used a resource
• Critical for reproducibility and data mining
• Critical for trouble-shooting
http://www.force11.org/resource_identification_initiative
Faulty Antibodies Continue to Enter US and European Markets, Warns Top Clinical Chemistry Researcher-Genome Web Daily, October 11, 2013
Digital objects are a new beast
New modes of representation and verification will be necessary
Trust: Not just who produced it but what produced it
Resource Identification Initiative• Have authors supply
appropriate identifiers for key resources used within a study such that they are:– Machine processible (i.e.,
unique identifier that resolves to a single resource)
– Outside of the paywall– Uniform across journals and
publishers
Launched February 2014: > 30 journals participating
Pilot Project• Authors to identify 3 types of
research resources:– Software/databases– Antibodies– Model organisms
• Include RRID in methods section• Voluntary for authors• Journals did not have to modify
their submission system• Journals have flexibility in
implementation. Send request to author at:– Submission– During review– After acceptance
Launched February 2014: 3 month commitment and more…
Current Progress
• >160 articles have appeared to date
• 29 journals• >650 RRID’s
•3 removed by typesetting
•95% correct•14% false negative rate
• thousands of antibodies added from vendors, >200 added by individuals
• >90 software tools/databases were added to tool registry
Database available at: https://www.force11.org/node/5635
Chemicon – out of business, >8 yr
Millipore – just joined Merck, URL
still works
Millipore / Chemicon not a company
Authors cite ID properly
What can we do with an RRID?• A resolver service
has been created• 3rd party tools
are being created to provide linkage between resources and papers– Utopia
prototype– ScienceDirect
http://scicrunch.com/resolver/RRID:nlx_144509
Utopia Tools
What have we learned?
• Authors are willing to adopt new types of citations– Meaningful to them– Impact: Significant increase in identifiability
• Authors were fairly accurate at performing the task• RRID’s resolved by search engines without
requiring specialized citation services• Citation drives registration• Clear role for repositories as authorities
FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider
impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear
• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge
• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts
• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute
• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable
Vibrant community working on the problems across many dimensions; many more people and institutions care
Beyond the PDF• Conference/unconference
where all stakeholders come together as equals to discuss issues– Publishers– Technologists– Scholars– Library scientists
• Incubator for change• What would you do to
change scholarly communication?
San Diego, Jan 2011 ...... Amsterdam, March 2013........ Oxford, January 2015
FORCE2015
https://www.force11.org/meetings/force2015