The Complex sentence - Coordination and Subordination

CHAPTER IX: COMPLEX SENTENCE

Group 1

I. Coordination and Subordination

*COORDINATION IS THE LINKING OF L INGUISTIC UNITS THAT HAVE THE

SAME GRAMMATICAL STATUS.

EX: SHE HAS LONG HAIR AND SHE WEARS JEANS .

Coordination ?

REVIEW

COORDINATING CONJUCTION

Ex: You can sleep on the beach, or you can go to the hotel.

Ex : She both has long hair and wears jeans.

AND,OR ,BUT, ETHER ...OR ,BOTH...AND ,NEITHER ...NOR . etc

SUBORDINATION*Subordination is a non- symmetrical

relation ,holding between two clauses in such a way that one is a

constituent or part of the other.

Ex: I like John because John likes me

Subordination ?

SUBORDINATING CONJUCTION

Ex: We will wait until I hear from you.

Ex: Because An tried to clean his suit , he was late to the interview.

Ex: Rather than going by car , he took the bus.

Ex: Whether he or you are letter is controversial.

1.Similarities

between Coordination & Subordination

Coordination : The football game has been postponed so we will have to S V S V

do something else. Coordinating Conjunction : SO

Subordination: Because the football game has been postponed , we will have

to S V S V

do something else.Subordinating Conjunction : Because

Both are the linking of 2 grammatical units ( up to 2 clauses).

1 They learn are both English and French. => coordination 2.She is good and loyal wife . => coordination 3. He intelligent but very lazy . => coordination 4. I like playing not only tennis but also football.=> subordination 5.He drink neither wine or beer. => subordination

Both can be realized by conjunctions.

COORDINATION

• It is to hold between two independent clauses.

• It is a symmetrical relation.• Result: Compound sentence

SUBORDINATION

▪ It is to hold between one

independent clause and one dependent clause.

▪ It is a non-symmetrical relation.▪ Result: Complex sentence

3/28/2016 By: Vu Thi Thanh Xuan

I am rich, but she is poor. When I travelled to Nha Trang, I felt cool.

Dependent Clause

Finite Clause

Non-Finite Clause

Verbless Clause



FINITE VERB PHRASES have tense and concord.

Fx: They have – They had – She hasThey want – They wanted – She wants

NON-FINITE VERB PHRASES do not have tense and concord.

Fx: 1. I want to drink milk. – He wants to drink milk.2. I spent time watching TV. - He spent time watching TV.3. I got the car repaired. - He got the car repaired.

Complex Sentences with DC as FINITE Clause.

-Finite Clause is a clause whose verb element that is a finite verb phrase.

-When I have a nice and rich husband, I feel happy. (Sub) D.C IC-Because it rained, I stayed at home.(Sub) D.C IC

Complex sentences with DC as NON-FINITE Clause.-Non-finite Clause is a clause whose verb element is a

non-finite verb phrase.-GERUND (V.ing):

(When) I went out, I met John.

-INFINITIVE (V or to V): Jane used gloves to grab the trash.

-PARICIPLE (Present or Past P2)“Pride and Prejudice”, written by Jane

Austen, is a famous novel.

going out

“Pride and Prejudice”, which is written by Jane Austen, is a famous novel.



Complex Sentences with DC as Verbless Clause.-Verbless clause is a clause containing no Verb element.

For example: Whether right or wrong, he still argues to the last moment.

D.C I.C


Determine the independent clauses and dependent clauses, then indicate what D.C is finite or nonfinite or verbless clause.1. Finding the door open, I went inside.

DC (non) IC2. When Jack comes back home, Jack greets his dog.

DC (finite) IC3. “The thorn birds”, which is seen as the famous novel, is my favorite book.

IC(subject) DC (finite) IC(predicate)

4. Charlie used to watch TV after having done homework. IC DC (non)

5. The letter written in ink is from my uncle. IC(subject) DC (non) IC (predicate)6. I know who made the mistake.

IC DC (finite)

Coordination and subordination

(1) Coordinators- simple coordinators: FANBOYS—for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

Example:1. She can fill an audience with joy or she can bring people to tears.

-correlative: not only...but also, etc...Example: 1. The car not only is economical but also feels good to drive.

Trần Thị Linh

Trần Thị Linh

(1) Subordinator simple subordinators: after, before, if, once, since, because,

that, until, etc...Example: 1. I got wet because its raining. compound subordinators:• ending with “that”: in that, so that, such that, except that, etc...Example: I study hard so that i can pass the final exam.• ending with optional “that”: now (that), provided (that), supposing

(that), considering (that)...Example: I’ll change my decision provided that you accept my offer• ending with “as”: as far as, as long as, as soon as,...Example: He was dead as soon as he opened the door.• Ending with “than”: sooner (than), rather (than)...Example: Why didn't you ask for help, rather than trying to do it oon your own.


correlative subordinator:If...then, no sooner ...than, such...as, such...that,...Example: note (page 314)

(2) WH-element function as or within one of the clause elements subject, object, complement, or adverbial.Example:---


(3) subject-operator inversion or initial adjs- a marker of subordination in some condition clauses, where the operator is had, were, or should....E.g. Hardly had I left before the quarrelling started.- other unusual syntactic orderings also play a role in distinguishing a subordinate clause.E.g. Sad though I was.

(4) absence of subordinators- Nominal clauses whichs may or may not have “that”:E.g. I suppose you’re right. ( I suppose that you’re right)- Comment clauses of a kind relatable to the main clause: E.g. You love me, I hope


Ex 1: Rewrite sentences using coordination and subordination

I stayed up all night studying for TOEIC exam.I was so tired all day today.

Coordination: I stayed up all night studying for toeic exam, so I was so tired all day today.

Sub: because I stayed up all night studying for toeic exam, I was so tired all day today.

Ex2: Choose the correct coordination from the following selection and combine the two way independent clauses in each pair in logical order

And , or , nor, but , for, so , yet

1. Are you applying for graduate school? Will you look for a job?=> Are you applying for graduate school? Or Will you look for a job ?2. The cost of installation is very high Solar domestic heating systems are economical to operate.=> The cost of installation is very high , yet Solar domestic heating systems are

economical to operate .3. Energy needs, are going to decrease. Energy sources are not going to increase.=> Energy needs are going to decrease, nor energy sources are not going to increase .4. Our supplies will decrease Consumers must conserve energy sensibly=> Our supplies will decrease , so consumers must conserve sensibly.5. Linda has completed two math courses She must still take calculus.=> Linda has completed two math courses , but she must still take calculus.

1. Some women have become coal miners and construction workers, for there is less discrimination against them now. (because)

=> Some women have become coal miners and construction workers because there is less discrimination against them now.

2. Commercials are necessary for business, but they can be a nuisance to the public. (although)=> Although commercials are necessary for business, they can be a nuisance to the public3. Many people will not buy a product, for they do not like the commercial.(if)=> Many people will not buy a product if they do not like the commercial.4. Foreign travel is expensive, but it is worth a lot in new experiences and memories.

(even though)=> Even though foreign travel is expensive, it is worth a lot in new experiences and memories.5. Travelers must know the tipping standards of foreign countries, or they might be embarrassed.

(unless) =>Unless travelers must know the tipping standards of foreign countries, or they might be

embarrassed

Ex3: Rewrite the following sentences into complex sentences by subordination one of the clauses .

Education

The Complex sentence - Coordination and Subordination