Terminologies of Arid Zone Agriculture

Agriculture: The science,arts and busness of producing crops rearing of animals is called agriculture. 1) Agronomy: 1. Agronomy is branch of Agriculture science which deals with principles & practices of soil, water & crop management.

2) Crop Rotation: crop Rotation is a technique of growing different crops on the same piece of land in the definite period of time.

3) Cropping Intensity: The term cropping intensity may be defined as “The land used for the crops in the any specified period of time”. It is denoted by C.I.

4) Cropping Pattern: The sequence of the crop grown in the piece of land in the specific period of time is called Cropping pattern.

5) Multiple Cropping system: It refers to the growing of two or more than two crops on same piece of land in a year is called multiple cropping system.

6) Sequential Cropping system: In this system two or more crops are grown in fixed order or sequence once after other on the same piece of land each year.

7) Inter-Cropping: It refers to the sowing of two or more crops at the same time on the field is called inter-cropping system. It may b mixed or separated in the row or strips form.

8) Relay Cropping: The seeding of second crop in same field before the harvest of first one is called relay cropping e.g Barseem in Cotton.

9) Irrigation: The Application of water given to the field to get the successful crop is called irrigation.

10) Surface Irrigation: That irrigation in which water is directly given to the field trough channel with gentle slope.

11) Basin Irrigation: The irrigation in which the whole field is flooded is called basin irrigation.

12) Furrow Irrigation: The irrigation in which water is allowed to flow in small parallel channels is called Furrow irrigation.13) Border Irrigation: The system of irrigation in which water is applied to long strips of land which are separated by ridges.

14) Sub-surface irrigation: The application of water to the field underground through capillaries or pipes is called sub surface or underground irrigation.

15) Sprinkle irrigation: water application given to the field like rain is called sprinkle irrigation.

16) Trickle irrigation/ Drip irrigation: Slow application of water directly to the plant either root zone of the plant is called trickle irrigation.

17) Climate: the average atmospheric conditions of the some years is called climate.

18) Weather: The atmospheric conditions of the day.week or month are called weather.

19) Rain (Precipitation): when water vapors condensed in the cold air the liquid falls in the form of drops is called rain.

20) Snow Falls: when temperature of the air is too low to freeze its moisture, the solid water or ice falls as snow.

21) Wind/Storms: When Cooler and heavier air moves to low pressure zones air currents are produced. These currents are called storms or Wind.

22) Tillage: tillage refers to the physical operation of the field needed to improve the soil condition for satisfactory plant growth.

23) Tilth: the tilth is defined as the physiological condition of the soil in its relation to plant growth.

24) Intertillage: the tillage operation between seeding and harvesting of the plant is called intertillage.

25) Hoeing: The process of removal of unwanted plants (Weeds) by hand tool is called hoeing.26) Harrowing: stir and level the soil break up clods and destroy weeds mechanically is called harrowing.

27) Earthing up: it refers to the practice of covering the plants with soil in order to establishment of their firm in the field.

28) Dry farming: the production of crops on the land that receive limited rainfall and have no irrigation facilities is dry land farming.

29) Arid zone: The zone in which annual rainfall is less than 300mm are known as arid zone.

30) Semi-Arid zone: where annual rainfall range of 300mm to 600mm is called semi arid zone.

31) Sub Humid Zone: the annual rainfall in this zone varies from 600 to 1000mm.

32) Humid zone: The area where annual rainfall is more than 1000mm is called humid zone.

33) Run-off farming: the area where annual rainfall is between 200 to 300mm and dry farming is done by water harvesting techniques is called run-off farming.

34) Fertilizer: The term fertilizer refers to any substance which supplies one or more of the mineral elements essential for plant growth is called fertilizer.

35) Manure: Manures are bulky organic materials derived from plant residues and animal’s wastes and excreta are called manure.