TEAMWORK

CT231 & CT216

Catherine Cronin

January 2014

CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 cindy47452

2Source: www.dnainfo.com

3facebook.com/OccupySandyReliefNyc

4Image:CC BY 2.0 Matt

5

What is a TEAM?

a group of people working together to achieve a common goal

6

What is TEAMWORK?

the ability to cooperate and communicate effectively with others to achieve a common goal

7

Team Working

Benefits Challenges

8

TEAMWORK INDIVIDUAL WORKo Agree on goals / milestones

o Establish tasks to be completed

o Communicate / monitor progress

o Solve problems

o Interpret results

o Agree completion of project

o Work on tasks

o Work on new / revised tasks

o Research / development

o Networking

9CC BY-NC-SA Harold Jarche

10Image credit: Alec Couros

11

Stages of Team Development

Forming (assemble team; deal with ambiguity)

Source: Bruce Tuckman (1965) Small Group Development

Storming (deal with criticism; develop ideas)

Norming (procedures, cohesion)

Performing (cooperation)

[Adjourning]

12

Maturity Continuum

DEPENDENCE

INDEPENDENCE

INTERDEPENDENCE

Source: Stephen R. Covey (1989) The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People

13

4 Paradigms of human interaction

Courage

Co

nsi

der

atio

n Lose / Win Win / Win

Lose / Lose Win / Lose

14

Win/Win

If Win/Win is such an ideal, why don’t we do it all the time?

What gets in the way?

15

Key Teamwork SKILLS

1. INTERPERSONAL• Trust / acceptance• Communication• Collaborative problem-solving• Conflict resolution

2. SELF / PROJECT MANAGEMENT• Goal setting• Planning• Task co-ordination• Performance management

Source: Slyke, Trimmer, Kittner (2004) Teaching Teamwork in IS Courses

16

A few TEAMWORK guidelines…

1. Effective communication

2. Team Working Agreement

3. Effective meetings

4. Project management

5. Conflict management

17

1. Effective communication

Communicate openly & supportively

Listen openly

Interpret nonverbal messages

Give useful feedback

Receive feedback effectively

…

18

2. Team Working Agreement

What is it?

• Effectively a contract which all team members sign up to… each team member is expected to abide by that contract

• Expectations each team has for its members

• Designed specifically for your team

19

Team Working Agreement

Key points:

• Tailor to meet the specific needs of your team members

• Each team member needs to input

• A chance for all members to voice their opinions

• All members will be accountable for statements in the agreement

20

Team Working Agreement: Issues to consider

• effective communication method(s)

• participation by all members

• decision-making

• problem-solving approaches

• management of conflict / differences

• responsibilities & conduct

21

SAMPLE:Boeing Code of Cooperation for Teams

• EVERY member is responsible for the team’s progress and success

• Attend all team meetings; be on time

• Listen to & show respect for view of members

• Criticize ideas, not persons

• Use & expect constructive feedback

• Resolve conflicts constructively

• Always strive for win-win situations

• Avoid destructive behaviour

• Ask questions when you do not understand

Source: http://aircraftdesign.nuaa.edu.cn/PD-2006/PDF/P1-requirement%20and%20schedule.pdf

22

3. Meeting Guidelines (sample)

Project meetings will be held every .

Meetings will be called by .

Meetings will begin and end on time.

Decisions will be made by consensus/ majority rule/anarchy.

Role of scribe will rotate.

Minutes will be issued by e-mail within 24 hours of each meeting.

Exceptions allowable/not allowable.

23

4. Project Management

• Start with consensus on project GOAL

• Then work to a project PLAN

Milestone Responsibility Date

24

5. Conflict

• People typically fear and avoid conflict

• Most people believe conflict does not belong in the workplace

However, dynamic organizations use conflict as a CREATIVE FORCE.

25

TEAMWORK INDIVIDUAL WORKo Agree on goals / milestones

o Establish tasks to be completed

o Communicate / monitor progress

o Solve problems

o Interpret results

o Agree completion of project

o Work on tasks

o Work on new / revised tasks

o Research / development

o Networking

26

Teamwork in a Software Development Environment

COMMUNICATION– Communicate well; listen openly

KEEP THE PROJECT ON TRACK– Work to the plan to keep motivation high– Update the plan as things change

CONFLICT– Accept and work with/through conflict– Develop a constructive conflict style