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Teaching comprehension strategies and skills is needed for learners to become successful readers. While it is important to teach them to all emergent readers, it's extremely important to teach them explicitly to English language learners and struggling readers.
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Teaching Comprehension
Zoila P. CarrionM. Ed
M.A. LinguisticsReading Specialist
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• For students to be able to understand what they read, they need to be taught comprehension strategies and skills.
• While all learners benefit from them, English language learners (ELLs) and struggling readers profit the most from being taught these strategies explicitly.
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7 steps to success1. Introduce the strategy.2. Define and explain it.3. Model it!4. Do it with your students.5. Ask them to use the strategy with a partner
or in a small group.6. Ask them to use the strategy on their own.7. Repeat these steps as often as needed.
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• The following are the most important metacognitive strategies and skills that all learners need to master in order to become successful readers.
• Teach them relentlessly!• Teach them even if learners don’t have
enough language or decoding skills.
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why it happenswhat happens
Cause and Effect
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Problem and Solution
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Characters and Setting
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Story Structure
Beginning
Middle End
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Sequence of Events
First
Then
Next
Last
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inform
Author’s Purpose
persuade
entertain
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Main Idea and Details
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Make Predictions
?
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Compare and Contrast
same different
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Inference
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Drawing Conclusions
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Fantasy and Reality
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Classify and Categorize
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Use Illustrations
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Story Structure
character setting plot
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Sequence Events happen in a certain order.
First Next Last
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Text StructureInformation is organized in a way that readers can
understand and learn from the reading.
compare
and contrastdescribe
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SummarizeTell in your own words the most important parts
of what you read.
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RetellGive lots of details about what you read.
Setting
Characters
Sequence of Events
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VisualizeCreate pictures in your mind about what you are reading. Use the text and your own knowledge
about the topic to visualize the text.
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Generate QuestionsAsk questions about what you just
read.
When?
How?
Why?
Who?
What?
Where?
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Monitor Comprehension
Ask yourself if what you are reading makes sense. If it does not make sense, re-read it. Use
illustrations and other graphics to help you.
Oh, I see!
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Analyze the Text/Plot
Is there a problem? A hypothesis?
What is the problem/ hypothesis?
How did it happen? Why?
Who is doing it?
How will they solve the problem?
