KRONSBERG, HANNOVER, GERMANY.

KKKH4284 SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING

TASK 4: EU BEST PRACTIVES

GROUP MEMBERS:MUHAMMAD SAFUAN BIN CHE AHMED

(A133024)AHMAD NAZRUL HAKIMI BIN IBRAHIM

(A133762)MUHAMMAD RAMADHAN BIN ZAKARIA

(A133409)LECTURES:

PROF IR DR RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH B OK RAHMATDR MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN BORHAN

MRS NORLIZA BT MOHD AKHIR

INTRODUCTION

• Location: Hannover, Germany• Dates: Planned 1990-1994,1996-2000 first phase.

Ongoing.• Type: New construction in greenfield area at city edge.• Use: Residential, services, open space.• Size: 160 hectares, 3,000 dwellings first phase, final

size 6,000 dwellings.• People: 6,500 residents first phase, 15,000 after

completion. : 3,000 jobs created nearby

KRONSBERG

TARGET OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN

KRONSBERG

As a result, new standards are required for Kronsberg in:

urban development ecology social planning

The goal is also for the: planning process and civic participant

to be exemplary

PASSIVE HOUSE

• Conception of passive houses was developed in the late eighties.

• Super insulated houses with mechanical ventilation and heat recovery proofed to provide high thermal comfort with extreme low specific heat energy consumption of about 15 kWh/ (m2a)

• Energy conservation of about 75% compared to conventional buildings.

CONCEPT

• The 32 terraced houses in Hannover Kronsberg are arranged in 4 rows with 8 houses each row.

• This arrangement offers the advantage of reduced envelope surface area to volume ratio.

• The houses are type buildings which are available in three sizes with 79, 97, and 120 m2 floor area respectively.

• The main intention of this project was to show, that heat supply in passive houses can be realized by warming up the supply air of the balanced ventilation system.

• So these houses have no conventional heating system with radiators, except one in the bathroom

THE PROJECT

• Walls and roofs are made of light-weight wooden construction

• The core of the building, the cross-walls and end-walls are made of prefabricated concrete elements.

• This modular construction allowed cost reduction, so it was possible to achieve pure building costs that are as low as for conventional building

CONSTRUCTION

• Controlled mechanical ventilation with heat recovery requires air- tightness. Controlled air supply and exhaust-air extraction

with heat recovery. The inhabitants may open doors and windows,

but they do not need to accomplish ventilation through windows during the heating period

Solar hot water storage and supply-air heater (SAH).

Mechanical ventilation system with heat recovery

ENERGY

• All the built structure were to meet Low Energy House Standard (LEH).

• This was possible only when the design had a compact building form with few projections and recessions.

• The required space index is 55kWh/m2.• This was possible through

thicker insulation layers of walss airtight and windproof building envelopes avoidance of thermal bridges installation of very well insulations windows.

Energy Efficiency Optimization at Kronsberg

ENVIRONMENT ECOLOGICAL

STANDARDS ENERGY

PROJECT

1 •Solar City

2 •Passive solar houses

3 •Solar district heating system

4 •Wind turbines

Solar district heating system Passive solar houses : Passive solar houses in the project use heat

exchangers to meet their heating needs. One of the CHP plants is run by fuel cells, and was a demonstration project for the Exposition.

Wind turbines : Two wind turbines provide 3,000 dwellings with electricity.

Photovoltaic cell technology.

SOLAR CITY

• Decentral cogeneration heating plant• Compulsory connection to the network• Only 5% more expensive than new-build developments with district heating connections elsewhere in the city

DISTRICT HEATING

• The most important renewable energy source on Kronsberg is wind power.

• Tow large and one smaller wind turbines to provide enough energy for 3,000 houses

WIND ENERGY

“Good TRANSPORT SERVICES and communication linking people to jobs, school,

health and other services”

TRANSPORTATION & CONNECTIVITY

TRAM ROUTE• A new direct light rail transit service links the settlement with the city

centre (17 minutes). • Three tram stops serve Kronsberg, each within easy walking distance

of all homes, and providing a fast service to Hanover city centre. • The transport systems has been specially designed to enable disabled

access. • The main motorised traffic flow is channelled along the edge of the

development beside the tramline to minimise nuisance to residents.

TRAFFIC CALMING• In the residential area the car access is forbidden, except for Kronsberg

residents. Narrow sections on the roads, 30 kph zones, and priority to the right at junctions, are effective traffic calming measures.

PARKING SPACE• Car parking spaces are mainly arranged in small areas, either set into the

hill-side or at ground level.• To reduce the parking space needs in the inner courts, a parking space

ratio of 0.8 per apartment was set at Kronsberg. • This was compensated for by a 0.2 increase in the ratio for parking spaces

on the public streets, which means that they are better used over the day, and the area needed for motorised access in built-up areas is reduced.

CYCLE PRIORITY LAYOUT• A cycle-friendly street layout with a

designated cycle street running the length of the district offers, together with a dense network of rural and urban footpaths, an attractive alternative to private motorised transport.

Cycle street

“Providing places for people to live in an environmentally-friendly way”

ENVIRONMENT

• The quality of housing is an important consideration at Kronsberg, and a variety of architects and developers were engaged to design individual urban blocks within the overall master plan to create variety and interest in the buildings. Kronsberg provides an extensive range of �housing types, from small one-bedroomed apartments to large family homes, catering for all ages and circumstances, including the elderly and disabled.

• There is also a variety of tenures available across the site including affordable housing with moderate rents, low rent homes and owner-occupied residences.

HOUSING AND THE BUILT

ENVIRONMENT

• The site has several well-used public open spaces including two neighborhood parks, each with distinctive designs to help define different areas of Kronsberg, and a number of children’s play areas. Residents also have access to semiprivate courtyards, and in many cases, to private gardens or terraces.

• The Kronsberg Water Concept deals with the effects that a large development can have on the local water table, the necessity for water conservation, and raising awareness of water issues through visible systems.

• “The ‘Mulden-Rigolen’system for decentralized retention and infiltration of rainwater” was used throughout Kronsberg to create a system of retention and infiltration that would not cause large changes to the local water ecology

• Of the daily usage of 142 L of drinking water per person in Germany, most runs through the shower, bath, wash-basin and toilet straight to the drains. Only about three liters are used either for drinking, or for cooking. As water provider, the Hanover Municipal Water-works is aiming to reduce that figure to 100 L per person. Economy aerators have been installed in wash-basins. These reduce water-consumption greatly, although it is barely perceptible. Flow-limiters and flow stabilizers are also effective.

WATER

• Within the framework of the Regional capital Hanover and KUKA energy economy programme, each household will receive two aerators free of charge. These economy measures have had their effects in other directions too; the pipes for drinking water are smaller than usual, and are laid exclusively for drinking water and not, as is more often the case, also for fire-fighting requirements.

• All precipitation on built up and paved areas is absorbed, collected and gradually released. Equipment of all apartments with water devices. A rainwater management system collects and treats rainwater on-site in ‘grassed hollows’ that run alongside the pavements, before it flows into a retention area and ultimately feeds into a nearby stream. Two ‘hillside avenues’ running vertically through the scheme provide additional retention areas during periods of heavy rainfall. An attractive landscape feature, they also help raise awareness of water issues to residents.

• The Kronsberg Waste Management Concept includes building waste, and domestic and commercial waste. Construction waste

• The city of Hannover reached a contractual agreement with developers to use exclusively environmentally compatible and healthy building materials.

• For construction phase they required to sort building waste on site• Signs were fixed to the various waste skips on site to make it clear

which waste belonged in which classification• Developers are required to use materials for construction that are

non-toxic and recyclable, 80% of construction waste was not landfilled.

WASTE

COMMERCIAL AND DOMESTIC WASTE• The main component was setting up innovative

collection systems that is attractively designed container parks close to the houses

• Owners of detach houses often compost organic waste in their gardens.

• This can reduces waste volume of Kronsberg by 30% to 154 kg per person and year compared to Hannover average of 219 kg per person and year

• Recycling stations for pre-separated waste such as paper, packaging and organics, are situated through the neighborhoods and underground glass recycling bins help minimize the visual impact of such facilities.

• Systems for pre-sorted waste collection, encouragement of home composting, and encouragement for retailers to use low-packaging retail goods were part of the domestic and household waste plan, as well as a “dense network of repair and alteration services” throughout the development that encourage people to follow the motto ‘mend it, don’t dump it’.

THANK YOU