SYNONYM, ANTONYM, and HYPONYM

BY : YENNI YULITA S ITOMPUL

Synonym

Synonym is the state or phenomenon in which the words that sound different, but have the same or identical meaning, as another word or phrase. Synonyms can be nouns, verbs, adverbs or adjectives, as long as both are the same part of speech.

Antonym

Antonym is the state or phenomenon in which the words have the sense relation which involve the opposite of meaning.

O In many languages, including English, you can sometimes make antonyms by adding a prefix: real – unreal, flexible – inflexible.

O The word pairs of antonym can be divided into several types: 1. Gradable antonyms

2. Complementary antonyms 3. Relational antonyms .

1. Gradable antonyms. Graded antonyms are word pairs that have variations between the two opposites. For example : Sane and crazy, cool and hot, wet and dry, late and early, ignorant and educated

Rich and Poor

2. Relational antonyms. Relational antonyms are pairs that have a relationship. Each word wouldn’t exist without the other. For example : Servant and master, borrow and lend, come and go, toward and away, divisor and dividend, parent and child.

Parent and Child

3. Complimentary antonyms. Complimentary antonyms are word pairs that have no degree of meaning. There are only two opposite possibilities. For example  : Leave and arrive, pre and post, question and answer, single and married, hired and fired, brother and sister, before and after, male and femalealive and dead.

4. Adding a Prefix. Sometimes, an antonym can be easily made by adding a prefix.

Examples of antonyms that were made by adding the prefix “un” are: Likely and unlike, able and unable.

By adding the prefix “non” you can make these pairs: Entity and nonentity, conformist and nonconformist.

Lastly, adding the prefix “in” can make the following pairs:a.      Tolerant and intolerantb.      Decent and indecentc.      Discreet and indiscreetd.      Excusable and inexcusable

HyponymHyponyms are words that all can be placed into the same category. Example : red, yellow, green, blue, purple, black is hyponym of color. Clarinet, guitar, piano, trumpet, violin, are hyponyms of musical instruments.

REFERENCES http://conceptsinsemantics.weebly.com/synonym-antonym-hyponym.htmlhttp://englishsemantics4eslstudents.blogspot.co.id/2011/02/synonym-antonym-and-hyponym.htmlhttp://ekarisqilatul.blogspot.co.id/2013/11/synonym-antonym-hypernym-hyponym-homonym_9.htmlhttp://ekarisqilatul.blogspot.co.id/2013/11/synonym-antonym-hypernym-hyponym-homonym_9.html

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