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Pearson 6th Earth Science terms and defintions
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Ch. 17-Stars and Galaxies
1. ____________________- radiant energy transferred by waves; includes x-rays, visible colors, ultraviolet, infrared, microwave and gamma rays
2. ____________________- first type to be developed; uses a convex lens; bigger the lens, less accurate
refracting telescope
3. _____________________- concave mirror; reflects to eyepiece and is enlarged
reflecting telescope
4. _______________- dish plus receiver; collects radio waves
radio telescope
5. ________________- telescope above Earth’s atmosphere; provides better images without atmospheric distortions
Hubble telescope
6. _____________- star pictures in the night sky7. ________ _________- how bright a star appears from Earth8. ________ _________- the actual brightness of a star
constellations
apparentbrightness
absolutebrightness
9. ________- the distance light 9. ________- the distance light travels in a year (light speed = travels in a year (light speed = 186,000 mps)186,000 mps)
light yearlight year
10. ________- apparent change in 10. ________- apparent change in position of an object when you position of an object when you look from different placeslook from different places
parallax
11. ____________- a graph that relates the temperature and absolute brightness of stars
H-R diagramH-R diagram
12. _____________- diagonal area on a H-R diagram that includes 90 % of all stars
Main sequenceMain sequence
13. ______- low-density cloud of gases and dust
nebula
"For the eyes of the Lord run throughout the whole earth to show Himself strong in behalf of those who
are fully committed to Him."
THIS IS A PICTURE NASA TOOK WITH THE HUBBLE TELESCOPE.. IT IS SIMPLY CALLED "THE EYE OF GOD".
14. _________- a contracting cloud of gas and dust with enough mass to form a star
protostarprotostar
15. ____________-dense core of dying star
(so dense that one spoonful on Earthwould weigh several tonstons)
white dwarf
16. ____- sudden brightness of a starnova
17. _________- major outburst of energy
supernova
18. ____________- mass left after supernova collapses
neutron star
19. ______- rapidly spinning neutron star; emits energy waves at regular intervals
pulsar
20. __________- matter condensed so tightly that no light can escape
black hole
21. ______________- when two stars orbit each other
binary system
22. _______________- a system in which one star periodically blocks the light from another
eclipsing binary
23. __________- loose, disorganized area with only a few thousand stars; _________ _______- large grouping of older stars
open clusterglobular
cluster
24. _________- great, swollen stars near the end of their existence
red giant
25. ______- large group of stars, gas, dust and satellites held together by gravity
galaxy
A. ________- most common type
elliptical
B. ______- curved arms from inner parts
________- our galaxyMilky Way
spiral
C. __________- all others
irregular
Big Bang Theory
• A theory of how the universe began. • States that between 13 and 15 billon years ago,
all the matter and energy in the known cosmos was crammed into a tiny compact point. This matter and energy exploded and within seconds the fireball ejected matter and energies at the speed of light. This matter began to split apart and developed what we know as the universe today.
Timeline of the Big Bang
26. _________ _____- the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving
Hubble’sHubble’slawlaw
27. __________________________- electromagnetic radiation through the cosmos
Cosmic background radiationCosmic background radiation
28. _____________- a rotating cloud of gas and dust that could have formed our solar system
Solar nebula
29. _____________- outer parts of nebula that became planets
planetesimalsplanetesimals
30. __________-matter that does not give off radiation; cannot be seen; inferred by observing its effect on other objects
31. ___________- mysterious force that seems to be causingthe expansion of theuniverse to accelerate
dark energydark energy
32. Stars are classified by:A. _______________B. _______________C. _______________
sizebrightnesstemperature
How big are we?
1. Earth compared to the smaller planets (Venus, Mars, Mercury and Pluto):
1. Earth compared to the smaller planets (Venus, Mars, Mercury and Pluto):
2. Earth compared to the larger planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune):
3. The larger planets compared to the Sun:
4. Our Sun compared to Sirius, Pollux and Arcturus:
5. Sirius, Pollux and Arcturus compared to Rigel, Aldebaran, Betelgeuse and Antares