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SQL SERVER –Booklet 9- Gives you the interview tips in SQL Server

SQL SERVER Interview Questions-2014

KAASHIV INFOTECH

Welcomes you to the Expert Voice Corner

Mr.J.Venkatesan PrabuVenkatesan Prabu Jayakantham (venkat) has more than 8 years experience in the Microsoft Technologies such as VB.Net, ASP.Net, C#.net, SSIS, SSAS, ADO.Net, etc., He is the Managing Director of KAASHIVINFOTECH (http://www.kaashivinfotech.com/),a software company in Chennai. Before that, he worked in HCL Technologies (India and Australia) for six years as Project Lead. As a service motive, Venkat contributed more than 700 articles which is read by the developers in 170 countries (400 developers per day) (http://venkattechnicalblog.blogspot.com/). Aligned with KaaShiv InfoTech’s mission,he met more than 20,000 young minds and spreaded Microsoft Technologies / Career guidance programs. Venkat won many awards in his career, which includes Prestigious Microsoft MVP (Most Valuable Professional) award for the years 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 and won many awards. List of other awards in his career,

Microsoft certified Smart .Net Candidate in 2004 Most valuable member for dotnetspider site in 2007 HCL SQL Subject Matter expert (SME - SQL Server) for the year (2008,2009) HCL Special contribution award winner on Dotnet skills for year(2008) HCL

SQL Knowledge Champion for the year 2009 Mind Cracker MVP on SQLServer –2010 for the year 2010,2011 INETA champion - Gold Member – 2010 for the year 2010 HCL Service

Contribution Award for the year 2010 Leading Lights "Rising Star" award from Common Wealth Bank, Australia for the

year 2010

TECHNICAL CERTIFICATION

Cisco certified Network Associate (CCNA) – 2004 Microsoft Certified Application Developer (MCAD) – 2005

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my family members for their support and encouragement. Without their support it would be impossible for me to publish this e-book. I would also like to thank my KaaShiv InfoTech team for their support to publish this e-book.

DISCLAIMER

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied, adapted, abridged or stored in any retrieval system, computer system, photographic or other system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Any breach will entail legal action and permission without further notice.    

1. How many f i les can a Database contain in SQL Server? How many types of data f i les exists in SQL Server? How many of those f i les can exist for a single database?A Database can contain a maximum of 32,767 files.There are Primarily 2 types of data files Primary data file and Secondary data file(s)There can be only one Primary data file and multiple secondary data files as long as the total # of files is less than 32,767 files

2. What is DCL?DCL stands for Data Control Language.

3. What are the commands used in DCL?GRANT, DENY and REVOKE.

4. What is Fil l Factor?Fill Factor is a setting that is applicable to Indexes in SQL Server. The fill factor value determines how much data is written to an index page when it is created / rebuilt.

5. What is the default f i l l factor value?By default the fill factor value is set to 0.

6. Where do you f ind the default Index f i l l factor and how to change it?The easiest way to find and change the default fill factor value is from Management Studio, right-click the SQL Server and chooses properties. In the Server Properties, choose Database Settings, you should see the default fill factor value in the top section. You can change to a desired value there and click OK to save the changes.The other option of viewing and changing this value is using sp_configure.

7. What  is a system database and what is a user database?System databases are the default databases that are installed when the SQL Server is installed. Basically there are 4 system databases: Master, MSDB, TempDB and Model. It is highly recommended that these databases are not modified or altered for smooth functioning of the SQL System.A user database is a database that we create to store data and start working with the data.

8. What are the recovery models for a database?

There are 3 recovery models available for a database. Full, Bulk-Logged and Simple are the three recovery models available.

9. What is the importance of a recovery model?

Primarily, recovery model is chosen keeping in view the amount of data loss one can afford to. If one expects to have minimal or no data loss, choosing the Full recovery model is a good choice. Depending on the recovery model of a database, the behaviour of database log file changes. I would recommend you read more material on log backups and log file behaviour and so on to understand in depth

10. What is Replication?

Replication is a feature in SQL Server that helps us publish database objects and data and copy (replicate) it to one or more destinations. It is often considered as one of the High-Availability options. One of the advantages with Replication is that it can be configured on databases which are in simple recovery model.

11. What the dif ferent types of Replication and why are they used?

There are basically 3 types of replication: Snapshot, Transactional and Merge Replication. The type of Replication you choose depends on the requirements and/or the goals one is trying to achieve. For example Snapshot Replication is useful only when the data inside the tables does not change frequently and the amount of data is not too large, such as a monthly summary table or a product list table etc. Transactional Replication would useful when maintaining a copy of a transactional table such as sales order tables etc. Merge Replication is more useful in case of remote / distributed systems where the data flow can be from multiple sites, for example sales done at promotional events which might not be connected to the central servers always.

12. What the dif ferent components in Replication and what is their use?

The 3 main components in Replication are Publisher, Distributor and Subscriber. Publisher is the data source of a publication. Distributor is responsible for distributing the database objects to one or more destinations. Subscriber is the destination where the publisher’s data is copied / replicated.

 

13. What the dif ferent Topologies in which Replication can be configured?

Replication can be configured in any topology depending keeping in view of the complexity and the workload of the entire Replication. It can be any of the following:

Publisher, Distributor and Subscriber on the same SQL Instance.Publisher and Distributor on the same SQL Instance and Subscriber on a separate Instance.Publisher, Distributor and Subscriber on individual SQL Instances.

14. How do you open a Cluster Administrator?

From Start -> Run and type CluAdmin (case insensitive) and the Cluster Administrator console is displayed OR you can also go to Start -> All programs -> Administrative Tools -> Cluster Administrator

15. What are the dif ferent ways you can create Databases in SQL Server?T-SQL; Create Database command.Using Management StudioRestoring a database backupCopy Database wizard

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