Speaking

Dominguez, Valeria; Grieco Mayra; Lugano M. Eugenia

Saubidet Oyhamburu Stella

Language and Written expression IV

21 August 2014

“Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information”

(Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997)

Making oneself understood in a second language

Interactive perspective Speaker Hearer

•Iniciates the interaction•Communicative intention

•Brings presuppositions and expectations•Interprets the speaker´s message•Reacts to the message•Changes his or her role

ORAL INTERACTION

SPEAKER HEARER

IDEASFEELINGSATTITUDESINFORMATION

•LINGUISTIC FORM•PHYSICAL CONTEXT•SOCIOCULTURAL NORMS

MISUNDERSTANDING IN ORAL COMMUNICATION

Lack of command of the target linguistic knowledge

Lack of sharing sociocultural rules of appropiacy and background knowledge

SPEAKING: Controversial skill

Difficult -- Listening comprehension -- Speech production subskills

Easy-- Body language -- Demonstration -- Repetition -- Strategies

Speech productionLevelt´s contextual factors

DemandArousal

Feedback

EffectivenessCoherent organization

CohesionAppropiate choice of lexical items

Cooperative principle

Grice´s maximsQuantityQuality

RelevanceManner

PARTICIPATING IN ORAL INTERACTION

MAINTAINING THE FLOW OF SPEECH

Turn-taking rules

Effective comunicator

ACCOMMODATING THE HEARER• Body language

• Grice´s maxims•Sociocultural appropiacy rules

• Eye contact

PREREQUISITES FOR SPEAKING IN ANOTHER LANGUAGEGood use of pragmatics and

sociocultural factors.Vocabulary relevant to the situationGood use of discourse connectorsSuitable opening and closing phrasesBasic intonation patternsProper rhythm and stressGrice´s maxims

E CF OF ME M C UT NI IV CE A T I O N

COMPENSATION STRATEGIES FOR LINGUISTIC DIFFICULTIES ParaphrasingAsking for helpUsing examples and explanationsUsing body language

SPEAKING

WRITING

Speaking is similar to writing...

When we speak to someone we take into account the listener´s context

Spoken discourse Written discourse

Productive skill Productive skill

Sound Visual

Temporal Exists in time

Immediate Deferred

Language knowledge Language knowledge

Frequently unplanned Planned

Little editing Can be editted

Redundancy, repetition More dense

SourcesCelce- Murcia, M. & Olshtain, E. (2000)

Discorse and Context in Language Teaching

Modern Family The Many Mispronunciations of Sofia Vergara's 'Gloria in Youtube´s website. Available at http://youtu.be/g68KgoHWupg. Retrieved August 18, 2014

What speaking is´s website. Available at http://area.dge.mec.pt/gramatica/whatspeakingis.htm. Retrieved August18,2014