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Urban Agriculture Ron Eberly American Clay Works & Supply Co. 857 Bryant St. Denver, CO. 80204

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Food Production in the Greenhouse by Ron Eberly of American Clay Works & Supply Company

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Page 1: Spain Power Point Presentation

Urban Agriculture

Ron Eberly

American Clay Works & Supply Co.

857 Bryant St.

Denver, CO. 80204

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Time is passing to start enduring change.

We must start to create change.

Markets change – Our industry experienced 

tremendous growth in the 90’s and first part of the 21st Century.

5 to 6 years ago, market began to flatten.

3 years ago, market began to dip.

Still a good market, with a huge exposure to retail 

public.

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A need to look outside the traditional box.

What worked last year, may not work next year.

This presentation is about looking outside the box at 

some different ideas.

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Ministry of Agriculture of Spain Andulusian Province

Almeria, Spain –

Extension Service

This area – 54 miles long x 10 ,miles wide

Conference  March 30‐April 4, 2009

Representatives from United States, Chile, Mexico, and  Morroco

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History – 40 years ago, government of Spain realized 

it did not have enough land to grow food for its  expanding population.

Faced with a decision, grow their own food, or import 

it.

Tried a new approach, growing food in greenhouses.

After many failures, they came upon a formula that 

works.

Location – Almeria is located on the southern coast of 

Spain.

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Almeria, Spain

Greenhouse food production

27,000 Hectacres (67,500 acres) of greenhouse  structures

Food production 

Structures 37% flat roof52% sawtooth5% gutter connect

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Greenhouse heating not necessary

Structures are simple, mostly covered with polyfilm.

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The formula that works.

NGS Technology (New Growing Systems)  

NGS consists of 3 parts

1st

part – Multilevel Trough Technology

2nd

part –

Fertigation

3rd

part – Specialized fertilizer

These systems combined provide enormous harvest 

rates per square foot of greenhouse.

1 acre of NGS is equal to 4.4 acres of growing in the 

soil.

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NGS Technology uses 60 to 70 % less water.

NGS is simply defined as:  The movement of water to 

the right place at the right time in the right amount  with the correct blend of fertilizers and nutrients.

NGS ‐

The main advantage of the NGS system over 

other forms of hydroponics is that the plant roots are  exposed to adequate supplies of water, oxygen and 

nutrients. In all other forms of production there is a  conflict between the supply of these requirements, 

since excessive or deficient amounts of one results in  an imbalance of one or both of the others. 

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Savings are significant.

This is possible because plants are not in soil but a 

nutrient rich solution that is constantly monitored by  sophisticated software or by the growers experience.

These advancements allow this area to produce more 

food in less acreage using less water.

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Ventilation –

natural airflow

Heating – few structures

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Multilevel Trough Technology (NGS)

Different sizes for different crops

Tri‐level tunnel 

Second level membrane – very strong

The main advantage of multilevel trough technology 

is that the plant roots are exposed to adequate  supplies of water, oxygen and nutrients.

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Fertilizers

Vegetable oils as a nitrogen source

Humic acid & amino acids

Chemically sequestered micro nutrients 

Non organic fertilizers are supplemented with urea 

and ammonium sulfate. 

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Fertigation

The proper mixing of nutrients in the correct amount 

Monitored manually or with software

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Fertigation

Fertigation – more money is spent on this than on the 

structures

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CROP PRODUCTION

Key Crops

Tomatoes

Lettuce

Squash

Herbs

Peppers

Melons

Eggplant

Cabbage, Beets, Onions, Cucumbers

Strawberries

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270 Growers and Cooperatives 

Gross production 1, 450,000,000 Euros annually

Government is not encouraging more space but more  efficiency

90% of the production is exported to Europe

10% used locally

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Planting in the Greenhouse

Inground planting

Hydroponic

Irrigation 

Drip method

Hydroponic

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Hydroponics

Primaflor

–largest grower in Andulusia

10,000 acres in hydroponic food production is equal to  40,000 acres in ground planting for lettuce

60‐70% reduction in water use

Lettuce –germination to harvest 90 days

Cherry tomatoes – 18 kilos per square meter/year

Strawberries –plant in September, harvest in  November, 7 kilos per square meter

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Primaflor

grows both in greenhouse and open field.  

All crops are grown hydroponically. 

Primaflor

grows 82 varieties of lettuce.

Primaflor

grows strawberries, eggplant, and peppers.

Primaflor

propagates, grows, packages and distributes 

its products through the Primaflor

distribution chain.

Primaflor

has an extensive research facility.

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Government encouraging more efficiency, not more 

growing space.

Moving multilevel trough horizontally 

Moving multilevel trough vertically

Portable multilevel trough technology

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Organic/Traditional

70% ‐

traditional growing methods

30% ‐

organic growing

Yield 30% less in organic operations vs. traditional

Economics

Strong economy organics sell for approximately 30%  more than traditionally produced crops

Slow economy – no difference in selling prices

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Yields

Crops

Crop cycle 

5‐6 month rotation

Organic tomatoes, yield 6‐7 kilos per square meter

Traditional/conventional 10‐11 kilos per square meter

9 month rotation

Organic tomatoes, yield 11‐12 kilos per square meter

Traditional/conventional, 18‐19 kilos per square meter

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Pollination

All crops (traditional and organic) are pollinated by 

bees

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Labor

3‐4 people per hectacre 

General maintenance

Harvesting

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Definition of Organic Crops

European standards

No application of pesticides and growth regulators

Use of  natural fertilizers with conventional  micronutrient supplements

European organic growing standards are less restrictive  than those in the United States.

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RESEARCH

Algae production

Research is conducted by IFAPA Institute for the  Development of Agriculture and Fish production for 

Andulusia

100%  government funded, similar to USDA

IFAPA – 14 hectacres of greenhouse and row crop  production

Employs 200

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ALGAE PRODUCTION for FOOD

2 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

Horizontal

VerticalMain ingredients in each systemAlgae – Scenedesmus AlmeriensisWaterNutrients – sodium bicarbonate, potassium sulphateCO2Polyethylene Beads

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ALGAE PRODUCTION FOR BIOFUEL

Algae –

Murellopsis

Higher level of fatty acid

Nutrients ‐

sodium bicarbonate, potassium nitrate 

CO2 & Water

Production in vertical bags or open troughs

Yield  ‐

One 10x6 foot unit 80 grams per day

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IFAPA

IFAPA and Cajamar provide funding for research

CAJAMAR – local bank specializes in funding 

agricultural research and production

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SUMMARY

Past 5 Years in USA

Changes in available water, labor and transportation

Changes force food production to decline in the  traditional field production

Concerns of importing foods

NFT Technology in combination with co‐operatives and  a dedicated banking system have made this area one of 

the most productive areas in the world.

Could this be a possible emerging market?

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Alternatives 

Spanish government and growers have shown high 

yield in crops grown in greenhouses with 

Less labor

Reduced water usage

Less transportation costs with crops grown locally or 

regionally

Fresher produce