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From The News Desk Latest Updates On UNIVERSE IN THE SCHOOL: Amity International Schools In Focus SPACE EVENTS Cover Story UK PLANS TO LAND MAN ON Mars BY 2021 Astroinquisites WHY MOON APPEARS “RED” DURING TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE? S P A C E N E W S August’13 Monthly Newsletter of SPACE Group Chief Editor : Sachin Bahmba Editors : Amit Verma & Divya Kanchanbaras Astronomy At Home PHASES OF MOON BLOGPOST A decade of Spitzer Space Telescope launch Guest Article HAPPY NEW YEAR Mars!! Mars Special

SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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The monthly newsletter of SPACE Group of Companies

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Page 1: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

From The News Desk Latest Updates On

UNIVERSE IN THE SCHOOL: Amity International Schools In Focus SPACE EVENTS

Cover StoryUK PLANS TO LAND

MAN ON Mars BY 2021

AstroinquisitesWHY MOON APPEARS

“RED” DURING TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE?

S P A C E N E W S August’13

Monthly Newsletter of SPACE Group

Chief Editor : Sachin BahmbaEditors : Amit Verma & Divya Kanchanbaras

Astronomy At HomePHASES OF MOON

BLOGPOSTA decade of Spitzer Space

Telescope launch Guest ArticleHAPPY NEW YEAR

Mars!!

Mars Special

Page 2: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

INDEX

S No Topic Page No.

1 Universe In the School News 3

2 Blog - A decade of Spitzer Space Telescope launch 6

3 Events News 8

4 School In Focus – Amity International Schools 11

5 Sky This Month 15

6 Cover Story - UK Plans To Land Man On Mars By 2021 16

7 Astroinquisites - Why Moon Appears “Red” During Total Lunar Eclipse?

18

8 Guest Article - Happy New Year Mars!! 19

9 Astronomy At Home - Phases Of Moon 21

10 SPACE is hiring! 26

NEW

Mars Special

Mars Special

Page 3: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

UNIVERSE IN THE SCHOOL NEWS

3

CENTRE FOR STUDENT EXCELLENCE

On 10th and 11th July, 2013, 22 students from Middle School of Step by Step School, 49 students from class VIII of Bal Bharati Public School, Pitam Pura, 40 students from class VIII of G D Goenka Public School, Rohini, students from class VI of G D Goenka Public School, Gurgaon and 20 students from Indraprastha World School, Paschim Vihar participated in an International Project - ISS Earth KAM in their respective schools.

SPACE ASTRONOMY CLUB

SPACE organized the Astronomy Day at Amity International School, Saket on 4th July, 2013. Students of SPACE clubs showcased their learning & interest towards astronomy on this day. Students performed different activities like comet kitchen, hydrorocketry, time & direction using Sun, etc. Dr. (Mrs) Amita Chauhan, Chairperson - Amity International Schools appreciated the efforts done by Students and SPACE Educator. Dr. (Mrs) Rekha Ranade, Principal had to say that “It was a wonderful learning experience for the students.” The rocket launching was done by The Chairperson & inaugural rocket launch was conducted by The Principal.

Students participating in ISS EarthKAM – July, 2013

The Chairperson, Dr. Amita Chauhan is ready to launch the Hydro Rocket

Page 4: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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The Principal, Dr. Rekha Ranade understanding the concept of Solar projection method

Students taking part in Weigh yourself on other planet activity

The Vice Principal – Primary Wing, Mrs. Anshu Mittal taking part in Body Painting Activity

SPACE EXPLORERS

SPACE had conducted workshops, “Catch the Meteors” & “Lets know about Earth”, at Delhi Public School, Sec-45, Gurgaon on 12th & 17th July, 2013 for Class 5 & 3. “Astronauts, can you be one of them?” was conducted at DAV Public School, Sector-14, Gurgaon on 18th July for Classes 4 & 5. Students of Classes 3–5 & 6–10 of Bal Bhavan International School, Dwarka participated in “Rocket, a Space Vehicle” & “Hydro Rocketry”, workshops, respectively on 19th July.

Students participating in 'Catch the Meteor' activity in DPS, Sec-46, Gurgaon

Astronomy Day at Amity contd..

Page 5: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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Student participating in the activity & receiving the prize from Ms. P. Aruna, Academic Head Jr. School at DAV Public School, Gurgaon

Student launching a Hydro Rocket and another student launching Stomp Rocket during the workshop at Bal Bhavan International School, Dwarka

To Have Fun With Astronomy & For UITS Updates

Page 6: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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A Decade Of Spitzer Space Telescope Launch

World is celebrating 10th Anniversary of Spitzer Space telescope launch on 25th August. Over the past decade, the world has followed Spitzer's saga, watching image after image which revealed another part of the cosmos that would otherwise be invisible to our eyes. Spitzer space telescope has revolutionized the science of Astronomy and changed the way we see the universe.

Viewing the invisible

In space, there is lot of hidden dark corners which are invisible. Interstellar dust clouds and inky stretches of deep space may appear dull to ordinary telescopes. But they are alive with light—infrared light, or heat rays. Every object emits radiation in the form of light such as gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, or radio waves. Our eyes can only detect visible light .These radiations are collected and studied further to uncover the hidden information. Infrared are the heat rays emitted by the objects that has a temperature, these are the invisible radiations which cannot be seen with our eyes or with visible light telescopes. These objects can be detected and studied in Infrared .This is known as Infrared Astronomy. Infrared astronomy not only allows us to discover new objects and view previously unseen areas of the universe, but it also adds to what we already know about visible objects.

Launch

Spitzer Space Telescope is an infrared space observatory took its place in the cosmos on 25 August 2003. It is one of NASA's four Great Observatories designed to detect and image the Universe's infrared radiation. The telescope was named in honor of Lyman Spitzer, one of the 20th century's great scientists.

How Big Is The Telescope

The satellite is a little over 4 meters tall and weighs about 900 kg. The Spitzer Space Telescope mirror is 0.85 meters in diameter.

Page 7: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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Orbit

The car-size telescope is placed in a unique orbital trajectory around the Sun 41.8 million kilometers away to keep the spacecraft away from Earth’s thermal radiation effects, reaching upto 250 Kelvin (-23 Celsius). The spacecraft drifts slowly away from our planet into deep space, circling the Sun at a distance of about 1 astronomical unit.

Discoveries

The observatory is capable of studying objects ranging from our Solar System to the distant reaches of the Universe. It brings a fresh vantage point on processes that have until now remained mostly in the dark, such as the formation of galaxies, stars and planets. SST became the first telescope to directly capture the light from planets other than solar system and determine the temperature and the atmospheric structure, composition, and dynamics of several new planets. Spitzer also detected infrared radiation from very far of sources almost 13 billion light years away and provided tests of theories of the origin and growth of structure in the evolving universe.

Infrared views of Spiral galaxy Messier M81 and Helix Nebula

Estimated Lifetime

2.5 yrs (Minimum); 5+ yrs (Goal) Spitzer’s 5.5-year successful mission ended on May 15, 2009 when the coolant liquid helium was exhausted, resulting in no longer use of most of the instruments but its unique thermal design and its solar orbit ensured that the telescope and instruments continues operating. The warm mission continues until the satellite moves out of convenient communication range in 2014.

A Bridge To The Future

Spitzer space telescope is an important scientific and technical cornerstone in the field of Astronomy and space science creating a solid foundation for future observatories to build upon.

- Madhu Jha, Educator-SPACE

Page 8: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

EVENTS NEWSPAST EVENT

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ISS EarthKAM- 9th July, 2013 to 12th July, 2013

SPACE conducted a unique workshop - Sally Ride EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle school students) with 350 students from Delhi NCR and for the 1st time with Chandigarh students, from 9th to 12th July’2013. Workshops were conducted by SPACE experts at Amity International School, Pushp Vihar for Amity International Chain of schools on 10th and 11th July, and also at Bal Bharati Public School-Pitampura, G.D Goenka Public School-Rohini & Gurgaon, Indraprastha World School- Paschim Vihar, Indraprastha International School-Dwarka, Step by Step School – Noida and St. Stephens School, Chandigarh. Mrs. Ameeta Mohan, Principal, Pushp Vihar, Dr. Madhu Phull and Mr. Piyush Kumar Madhava from Ritnand Balved Education Foundation were present at the Amity workshop and praised the workshop and encouraged students.

In the 4 hrs long workshop students learnt to select locations of interest which included calamity sites Kedarnath in Uttarakhand, ecologically threatened areas such as coral reefs, rainforests, receding rivers, and world tourist sites. About 500 pictures were requested and were photographed by the astronauts on board ISS. The students wrote messages to the astronauts which were compiled and sent to them.

Messages - “Thank you astronauts, we are successful in observing universal objects” by Ishita Mullick, Amity International School, Saket.. “I find the workshop amazing & interesting, I get to learn about space” by Muskan Goyal, St. Stephens School, Chandigarh.

Image of Egypt clicked through ISS by Lakshay of Amity International School, Gurgaon Sec 46

Image of Toronto clicked through ISS by Rhythm Gill- St Stephens School, Chandigarh

Page 9: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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ONGOING EVENT

All India Asteroid Search Campaign – AIASC- Phase III

AIASC Phase-III started on 9th July, 2013 and continues till 13th August, 2013 with 30 teams participating across India. SPACE experts conducted workshops at G.D Goenka Public School-Gurgaon, Indraprastha World School-Paschim Vihar, Indraprastha International School-Dwarka and at SPACE office on 4th July, 2013 & 5th July, 2013. SPACE provided highly specialized training to the participants to understand the advanced astronomical software “Astrometrica” which enables them to find asteroids present in the given data. Phase III achievements to date includes 2 Preliminary discoveries of Main Belt Asteroids, 76 NEO (Near Earth Object) observations and 1 NEO confirmation. In 4 years 263 teams have participated and achievements include a special discovery of a rare Trojan Asteroid, 15 Provisional discoveries, 97 Preliminary discoveries, 43 Near Earth objects confirmations and 1141 Near Earth observations.

Message from Mr. Sachin Bahmba, CMD, SPACE Group, and the man behind this project “SPACE has been successfully conducting AIASC in India for the past 4 yrs with Indian students & Amateurs. SPACE hasn’t only successfully implemented astronomy and space science curriculum in Indian education system but has also been able to provide such platforms to the students where they distinctively contribute in scientific discoveries at a very early age”.

ISS EarthKAM workshop with St. Stephen's school - Chandigarh, in pic: participating students and members of SPACE Chandigarh Office

Page 10: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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UPCOMING EVENT

Project PARIDHI, Autumn Equinox, Sept. 22nd

Project PARIDHI, a flagship project of SPACE-promoting Hands-on Science through the use of back yard material, will be conducted on the day of the Autumn equinox on September 22nd 2013 at various places throughout Delhi. At equinox, the Sun shines directly overhead on the equator and night and day have approximately equal length. The shadows created by the sun are used along with simple trigonometry to find local noon and the circumference of the Earth using Eratosthanes method.

For other upcoming celestial occurrences follow

SPACE CALENDAR

Page 11: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

SCHOOL IN FOCUS

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“The aim of Amity is to equip the students to tread on the untrodden path with dedicated discipline and internal motivation to take success in their stride. To achieve success is one of the toughest challenges but the highly committed staff and students of Amity have been achieving it year after year”- Dr. Amita Chauhan, Chairperson, Amity International School

SPACE has a strong association of over 8 years with Amity chain of International schools. The journey of creating scientific culture and temperament among young amitians has been exciting and promising. The active interest and participation of Amity management has to led to Amity brand staying abreast with latest in astronomy education and technology! This sets them apart as a group of institutions with a futuristic cum holistic approach towards development of young minds.

We are proud to state that since 2006 Astronomy and Space Science Clubs, Module 1 and Module 2 have been running successfully in - Amity International School Noida, Amity International School Mayur Vihar, Amity International School Pushp Vihar, Amity International School Saket, Amity International School Sector 6 Vasundhara and Amity International School Sector 43 Gurgaon. Amity International School Sector 46 Gurgaon and Amity International School Sector 1 Vasundhara from have joined us since 2009 and 2012, respectively. SPACE has successfully conducted “Explorers Workshops” for Primary classes at - Amity International School Sector 43 and Amity International School Sector 46 in 2012/13.

AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS

Amity driven by the dream to create a world of knowledge par excellence

Amity Universe is a conglomerate of over 40,000 students, pursuing over 130 diverse programmes, spread across 22 campuses to young aspirants emerging from all corners of the country.

Page 12: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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Latest achievements of Amitians with SPACE –

ALL INDIA ASTEROID SEARCH CAMPAIGN 2013 –Shourya Chambial and Gaurav Pati from Amity International school, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, achieved a Provisional discovery 2012 - V. Sandhu & S. Sharma, Amity International School, Saket achieved Preliminary Discovery

Northern Region Science Congress 2012Second position - Priyanka Dilip of Amity International School, Noida Special Mention - N. Sai Srijan of Amity International, Noida Special Mention - Aayushi Shakya of Amity International School, Vasundhara, Sector -1 Special Mention - Aviral Alok of Amity International School, Vasundhara sector 6

WORLD SPACE WEEK - All India Inter School Painting Competition October 2012 First Position - Gaurav Pati From Amity International School, Pushp Vihar Consolation Prize - Kavya from Amity international school Vasundhara , Amogha from Amity international school Vasundhara

We salute the spirit of young amitians and would like to make a special mention for all the branches of Amity InternationalSchools for their active participation in various SPACE Events

We would like to thank our wonderful pillars of support – School Principals & SPACE Club Coordinators for their magnificent involvement in running the SPACE Clubs:

Amity International School Noida – Ms. Renu Singh (P) ; Ms. Charu Bhatia (Cr)Amity International School East Delhi – Ms. Sarita Aggarwal (P) ; Ms. Manju Srivastava (Cr) Amity International School Pushp Vihar – Ms. Ameeta Mohan (P) ; Ms. Rashmi Sehrawat (Cr)Amity International School Saket – Dr. Rekha Ranade (P) ; Ms. Geetika Mehta (Cr)Amity International School Sector 6 Vasundhara - Ms. Sunila Athlay (P) ; Ms. Anshu Khanna(Cr)Amity International School Sector 43 Gurgaon - Ms. Vishakha Chitnis (P) ; Ms. Sangeeta Sethi (Cr)In Amity International School Sector 46 Gurgaon – Ms. Arti Chopra (P) ; Ms. Aarti Tevatia (Cr)Amity International School Sector 1 Vasundhara – Ms. V Balachandran(P) ; Ms. Veena Mishra (Cr)

*(P) – Principal: (Cr) - Coordinator

Page 13: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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WAY TO GO AMITIANS!!

SKY IS INDEED THE LIMIT FOR AMITIANS!!

Page 14: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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Inculcating interest in Celestial bodies

Moon and stars have been fascinating children from the very childhood. Many stories, songs have been available in our culture; Moon has been referred to as maternal uncle. The urge of knowing more about moon, stars, earth is inherent but gets back seat as we grow. It needs special attention, more stories filled with truth about them. Having established a link to them in early childhood it is natural to have desire to see them more closely, know more about their movements. To keep the linkage alive it is necessary that gaining information about them becomes part of the formal education system.

This link is being provided beautifully by this SPACE Group. The curiosity levels of students are being met and the Astronomy is becoming interesting and fun filled. This group of dedicated, knowledge science communicators are now become integral part of many schools. From the early stages if they join Astronomy clubs initiated by SPACE, they are involved in hands-on activities and wonderful night sky sessions. In addition to academic knowledge the enhancement of technical skills is also been taken care of. The best part of SPACE is that the have been using best available technologies for activities thus keeping children up-dated and always finding activities interesting and challenging. Even organisation like NASA has authorised this group to take up many activities initiated by them, with Indian children. Amity Group Of Schools working under the guidance of visionary like Dr. Mrs. Amita Chauhan have appreciated the activities of this Group. Astronomy Clubs are there in all the Amity Schools of NCR. Amity children have been performing well in these activities and have even brought laurels by identifying asteroids under All India Asteroid Search Campaign (AIASC). Even under the guidance of Astronomy in-charge teachers, SPACE has introduced a new initiative of NASA named “ISS EarthKAM”, an educational outreach program executed in India by SPACE Group. Under this unique scientific opportunity the Amity students participated in ISS EarthKAM (Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle school students) project. The Experts helped these young budding astronomers to develop the skills of controlling a digital camera which is mounted on the International Space Station (ISS), and photograph locations of their choice on Earth as seen from space!

SPACE has also been able to organize opportunities for national and international competitions for them. SPACE in collaboration with Indian Science Congress Association (ISCA) organized an “All India Young Scientist” - Science Video Podcast Competition on the juncture of the completion of the 100th year of the inception of ISCA. SPACE has also keen interest in developing other space science related activities like hydraulic model rocketry. The effort of SPACE is highly appreciated and we hope that Amity participation in all such efforts under devoted, knowledgeable experts of the Organisation will keep the national Flag high.

A message to SPACE by Dr. Madhu Phull, Science Advisor, Amity International Schools

Page 15: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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SKY THIS MONTH A new segment introduced to make readers stay updated about the astronomical events of the sky for the month!

MOON

First Quarter - 14th AugustFull Moon - 21st AugustLast Quarter - 28th AugustNew Moon - 7th August

PLANETS

Evening ( Dusk ) - VenusNight - SaturnMorning ( Dawn ) - Jupiter, Mars, Mercury

CONSTELLATIONS

Evening North - Ursa Major, CepheusEast - Lyra, Cygnus,West - Leo, Bootes, VirgoSouth - Scorpio, Libra , SagittariusZenith - Hercules

MIDNIGHT

North - Cassiopeia, Cepheus, LyraEast - Pisces, Andromeda, PegasusWest - Scorpio, Libra, Bootes

South - Capricornus, SagittariusZenith -Cygnus

MORNING ( DAWN )

North - Cassiopeia, Cepheus, East - Gemini, Orion, Taurus, Auriga, PerseusWest - Pisces, AndromedaSouth - Pisces, AriesZenith -Pegasus

CONJUNCTIONS/ALIGNMENTS

Mercury, Mars, Jupiter and Moon on 3rd August( Look 1 hour before sunrise )Planets Mercury, Mars and Jupiter remain in alignment almost for the whole monthMoon and Aldebaran appear close on 1st August ( Morning )Moon and Spica appear close on 12th August ( Evening )

METEOR SHOWERS

Perseids Meteor Shower - Peaks on 12th August ( visible 3 days before and after also )

Follow our page to stay updated about Sky This Month

NEW

Page 16: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

COVER STORY - UK Plans to Land Man on Mars by 2021

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UK scientists have designed a concept mission to land astronauts on Mars by 2021 — 12 years before NASA expects to send a manned mission to the Red Planet. The plan envisages a three-person crew journeying to Mars aboard a small two-part craft.

NASA says they will get on Mars at the earliest by 2033, but scientists at Imperial College , London have come up with a mission that could land on the planet in eight years. According to professor Tom Pike, the leader of the London team, the trip would be the next major step for mankind in space — and create a Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin for the 21st Century.

"We have now come up with a mission concept that uses both robots and humans to get us to Mars and back. The robots will be sent to the northern plains of Mars, with a rocket to get back to Earth — but without fuel," Pike wrote in an article for 'The Sun' .

"Sending the tanks empty saves a huge amount of mass on launch. Instead, the robots will dig up ice on Mars. Once the ice is melted, we can use solar electricity to produce hydrogen and oxygen to fill the fuel tanks. Better still, combining hydrogen with the atmosphere can make powerful methane," Pike said.

Page 17: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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According to Pike, a three person crew will then launch and in the nine months it takes to get from Earth to Mars, without weight from gravity, muscles weaken and bones become brittle — they need artificial gravity.

He said it can be done by splitting the spacecraft into two, tied together by a tether, and spinning the parts around each other. With the right spin speed, they will be fooled into thinking they feel gravity, he said.

The landing on Mars will be an extreme ride lasting just a few minutes. The landing module will approach Mars at 22530.8kph, said Pike.

He said the atmosphere will reduce the speed to 1126.5kph, then parachutes with rockets will slow the module, landing in the warmest place on Mars, near the equator. Pike said in order to return, the crew will have to journey about 1600km north via rover from their landing site to the return rocket.

*News Source - indiatimes

Page 18: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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ASTROINQUISITES Why Moon appears “Red” during Total Lunar Eclipse?

Answer: Although the Moon is a dark object, it can be seen in the sky most of the time because its surface reflects the Sun's rays back to Earth. During a lunar eclipse, the Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned exactly with the Earth in the middle. As the sunlight falls on the Earth, two distinctive shadows are formed – Umbra (dark shadow) and Penumbra (Light shadow). When the Moon, enters into the umbra one can observe the total lunar eclipse. As the moon moves deeper and deeper into the Earth's shadow, the moon changes color before your eyes, turning from gray to an orange or deep shade of red. The moon takes on this new color because indirect sunlight is still able to pass through Earth's atmosphere and cast a glow on the moon. Our atmosphere filters out most of the blue colored light, leaving the red and orange hues that we see during a lunar eclipse. Extra particles in the atmosphere, from say a recent volcanic eruption, will cause the moon to appear a darker shade of red.

Page 19: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

GUEST ARTICLE - Happy New Year Mars!!

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We know that earth goes around the sun in a year and on its own axis it turns once a day. Infact year and day have been derived from the rotation and revolution of earth. When we have started thinking about more and more Mars missions and probably a human settlement on Mars in another century or so, wont it be a good idea just to know how we keep our calendars at Mars or for that matter, when does the year starts on Mars (especially for the party hoppers!!) In other words lets have an inside to how we will do the timekeeping on Mars.

Mars, as we know is similar to earth in some aspects, its axial tilt and of course the day length. Though its almost half the size of the Earth, its axial tilt is 25.2 degrees almost similar to earth’s tilt. A solar day on Mars is around 24 hours and 40 mins. These two factors make an interesting resemblance to the earth in this respect. Imagine having a day almost equal to earth day and then having seasons too!! But the similarity ends here. We do have seasons on Mars similar to earth but the length of seasons is something we are not accustomed to. As the Martian year is about 687 earth day long, we can clearly see the plight of a school kid studying in a class in one Martian year there!!

Now how to keep track of the time at Mars when we plan to go there and live there. A convention used by spacecraft lander projects to date has been to keep track of local solar time using a 24 hour "Mars clock" on which the hours, minutes and seconds are 2.7% longer than their standard (Earth) durations. For the landers and rovers we have been using what we call the MTC (just like the UTC) time to keep track of the time on Mars. MTC is defined as the mean solar time at Mars's prime meridian (i.e., at the centre of the crater Airy-0).

Page 20: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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There is no big satellite orbiting the Mars to give so called Mars "months," and while there have been many imaginative calendars suggested for Mars, none is in common use. The way that scientists mark the time of Mars year is to use solar longitude, abbreviated Ls. Ls is 0° at the vernal equinox (beginning of northern spring), 90° at summer solstice, 180° at autumnal equinox, and 270° at winter solstice. On Earth, spring, summer, autumn, and winter are all similar in length, because Earth's orbit is almost circular, so it moves at nearly constant speed around the Sun. By contrast, Mars' elliptical orbit makes its distance from the Sun change with time, and also makes it speed up and slows down in its orbit. Mars is at aphelion (249 million kilometers, where it moves most slowly) at Ls = 70°, near the northern summer solstice, and at perihelion (207 million kilometers, where it moves fastest) at Ls = 250°, near the southern summer solstice. The coincidence of aphelion with northern summer solstice means that the climate in the northern hemisphere is more temperate than in the southern hemisphere. In the south, summers are hot and quick, winters long and cold.

Ls marks the passage of time within a Mars year. To count up the passage of time from one Mars year to the next, Mars scientists have settled upon the following convention:

For the purpose of this comparison, we use the solar longitude range 0°-360° to define a Mars year and adopt April 11, 1955 (Ls=0°) as the beginning of year 1 (Thanks to Todd Clancy who gave this Martian calendar and was kind enough to answer our query for the same). In this arbitrary convention, the Mariner 9, Viking, Phobos, and Pathfinder missions occurred in years 9-10, 12-15, 19-20, and 23, respectively. Mars Years are divided into Mars months, but these vary in length because they are not counted by sols, but rather in terms of the planet’s annual orbit around the Sun. Each Mars month lasts for 30° of orbital solar longitude, so they number twelve in all, just as on Earth (although they are named only by number)

As we have already seen that the counting started on April 11, 1955, when Mars Year 1 began. Mars Year 31 began November 13, 2011 and runs until July 31, 2013. That means on July 31st, 2013 we have Spring Equinox on Mars and a “Happy New Year” to our LGMs (Little Green Men!!!) on Mars!

C.B Devgun, President

SPACE foundation

Page 21: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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ASTRONOMY AT HOME - Phases of Moon

In this activity we are going to make a model to learn the “Phases of Moon”.

The material required is as follows:•Card sheet with phases of Moon•Scissor•Glue•Press Buttons•Ice-cream stick

PHASES OF MOON

Page 22: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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Procedure:

1. First of all, draw or print the phases of Moon and top card on a thick sheet as shown in the image.

2. Now cut the discs from the outline.

Disc 1Disc 2

Page 23: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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3. Now take Disc1, make a hole in the center and then cut the circular and rectangular window as shown in the picture. After finishing the cutting work, take half part of ice cream stick and paste it on the circle.

4. Now take Disc2, make a hole in the center and paste half piece of ice cream stick on it

Page 24: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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5. After preparing the Discs, we need to join them with the help of press button at the center. Remember that Disc1 will cover the Disc 2.

Page 25: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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6. After joining both the discs, when you will move the upper disc you will see the moon phase where black part will indicate part of the moon where light is not falling and colored part will indicate the lit part of the moon with number of days which will be telling us how old is the moon w.r.t days.

Page 26: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

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SPACE India Is Hiring!!

We have been expanding very rapidly, and offer scope for rapid growth. We value entrepreneurial attitude and a result oriented approach. Above all, we are passionate and sincere about improving the science education scenario in India and the world. If you are interested in a satisfying career helping define what learning can be, then do apply to us.

Current Career Opportunities

Operations Manager - Travel: 1 PositionDepartment: AstrotourismLocation: New Delhi Educator: 3 PositionsDepartment: EducationLocation: Chandigarh Educator: 1 PositionDepartment: EducationLocation: Noida

Assistant Scientific Officer: 1 Position

Department: EducationLocation: New Delhi Sales Executive/ Sr. Executive Client Relationship: 1 PositionDepartment: Sales & Marketing Location: Noida PR Executive: 1 PositionDepartment: Marketing Location: New Delhi

If you are interested please follow the link of company website to see the job details:

SPACE INDIACompany Website

Page 27: SPACE Newsletter August 2013

S P A C E G R O U P

WEBSITESwww.space-india.com www.space-india.org

www.universeintheschool.com www.spacearcade.in www.leoplanetaria.com

www.eclipsechasers.in www.astronomica.in

Follow us on

Twitter Id: org_space LinkedIn Id: SPACE India

EMAIL US AT: [email protected] WZ-19 ASALATPUR, A3 BLOCK JANAK PURI, NEW

DELHI-110058PH: +91-11-45086320, 25522193