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SOCIO-ECONOMICS OF THE DIGITAL DIVIDE & THE ADULT LEARNERDorea M. Hardy
Valdosta State UniversityACED 9410July 26, 2014
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction Socio-Economics and the Digital
Divide Effects on the Adult Learner Implications for Educators Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Advent of the Personal Computer
INTRODUCTIONDigital
Divide
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
“widened along several key dimensions (like income and urban-rural divide)” (Talukdar & Gauri, 2011)
Definition of “Digital Divide” must be broadened
INTRODUCTION
“the gap between individuals, households, businesses and geographic areas at different socio-economic levels with regard both to their opportunities to access information and communication technologies (ICTs) and to their use of the internet for a wide variety of activities”
(OECD, 2001, p. 5)
SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
$75,000 +$50,000 - $74,999$25,000 - $49,999$15,000 - $24,999Less than $15,000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1613
1510
42
Percent of Households Online in Jan., 2000
Point Change Since Jan., 1999
Percent
Annual Household
Income
SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Telecommunications Infrastructure
Rural Communities
According to the Federal Communications Commission, in 2013: 14 million people in the US lived in 7 million housing units with no access to terrestrial broadband infrastructure.
Image Source: http://www.broadbandmap.gov/speed
SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
“ISPs generally seek to avoid low income or rural areas and ‘cherry pick’ relatively affluent, densely populated urban ones” (Warf, 2013 p. 14)
SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Rural population must:1. See the benefits & recognize a need to use
broadband2. Must be able to afford it
SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Consortia“issues related to broadband access & adoption in the state”
Non-Profit
Private
Public
SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND THE DIGITAL DIVIDE
Findings
Lowest Broadband Adoption
Rates
Other Inequities• Health Care
• Quality Education
• Healthy Food
EFFECTS ON THE ADULT LEARNER
Loss of employment
Technology Skills
Frustration
EFFECTS ON THE ADULT LEARNER
Course Work Preparation: Own a Computer
Processing Speed Storage Space Operating System & Software
Internet Connection Affordability Sufficient Bandwidth
EFFECTS ON THE ADULT LEARNER
Additional Hurdle Digital Literacy Skill Level
Skills & abilities for access Understanding:
Terminology, Hardware & Software Anyone at any time
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS
Awareness of the minimum technical requirements
Alternatives for large files Bonus: Compliance with Accessibility Laws
Outline Technical Expectations Define Technical Terms
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS
What help is available at your institution? Do your adult learners know about those services? Are those services available during “off” times? How is this information relayed to the learners? Can you include this information in class
handouts?
IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATORS
Did you know…?Located at: http://personal.srs.usg.edu/
CONCLUSION
Technological trends advance at a rapid pace The digital divide is harder to overcome when
there are socio-economic setbacks Educators & institutions must be cognizant of the
issues
REFERENCES
Access to Telecommunications Technology: Bridging the Digital Divide in the United States. (2013). Congressional Digest, 92(4), 2-5.
Crockett, R. O. (2000). How to Bridge America's Digital Divide. BusinessWeek, (3680), 56.
Foroohar, R. (2014). The Real Threat to Economic Growth Is the Digital Divide. Time.com, 1-1.
Gabe, T. M., & Abel, J. R. (2002). The New Rural Economy: Deployment of Advanced Telecommunications Infrastructure in Rural America: Measuring the Digital Divide. American Journal of Agricultural Economics , 84(5), 1246-1252.
REFERENCES
Haffner, J. H. (2013). Public, Private, and Non-profit Interventions in California's Digital Divide: A Case for Thoughtful Action. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society, 9(4), 175-185.
Kenner, C., & Weinerman, J. (2011). Adult Learing Theory: Applications to Non-Traditional College Students. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 41(2), 87-96.
OECD. (2001). Understanding the Digital Divide. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http://www.oecd.org/sti/1888451.pdf
Rao Hill, S., Troshani, I., & Burgan, B. (2014). Broadband Adoption in Regional and Urban Households. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 54(3), 57-66.
REFERENCES
Real, B., Bertot, J. C., & Jaeger, P. T. (2014). Rural Public Libraries and Digital Inclusion: Issues and Challenges. Information Technology & Libraries , 33(1), 6-24.
Talukdar, D., & Gauri, D. K. (2011). Home Internet Access and Usage in the USA: Trends in the Socio-Economic Digital Divide. Communications of the Association for Information Systems , 28, 85-98.
Warf, B. (2013). Contemporary Digital Divides in the United States. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (Journal of Economic & Social Geography) , 104(1), 1-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.2012.00720.x