Social scienceOn equality

Index1. Equal right to vote

1.1 universal suffrage

1.2 women suffrage

1.3 equal suffrage league

1.4 census suffrage

1.5 compulsory suffrage

2. Types of equality

2.1 civil equality

2.2 political equality

2.3 social equality

2.4 natural equality

2.5 economic equality

Equal right to vote▪ The people have fought for right to vote, this was called suffrage.

▪ Suffrage :- Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise, distinct from other rights to vote, is the right to vote gained through the democratic process.

▪ Types of suffrage :-

1. Universal suffrage

2. Women's suffrage

3. Equal suffrage league

4. Census suffrage

5. Compulsory suffrage

Universal suffrage▪ Where Universal suffrage exists, the right to vote is not restricted

by sex, race, social status, or wealth. It typically does not extend a right to vote to all residents of a region; distinctions are frequently made in regard to citizenship, age, and occasionally mental capacity or criminal convictions.

▪ The short-lived Corsican Republic (1755–1769) was the first country to grant limited universal suffrage for all inhabitants over the age of 25. This was followed by other experiments in the Paris Commune of 1871 and the island republic of Franceville (1889). In 1893, New Zealand became the first major nation to achieve universal suffrage, and the Freedom in the World index lists New Zealand as the only free country in the world in 1893.[3][4] In 1906, Finland became the second country in the world, and the first in Europe, to grant universal suffrage to its citizens

Universal suffrage

Women suffrage

▪ Women's suffrage is the right of women to vote on the same terms as men. This was the goal of the suffragists and the suffragettes. Limited voting rights were gained by some women in Sweden, Britain, and some western U.S. states in the 1860s. In 1893, the British colony of New Zealand became the first self-governing nation to extend the right to vote to all adult women. In 1894 the women of South Australia achieved the right to both vote and stand for Parliament. The autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire was the first European nation to allow all women to both vote and run for parliament

Woman suffrage

Equal suffrage league

▪ Equal Suffrage League was a suffrage organization founded by Sarah J. Garnet in Brooklyn, New York, in the late 1880s to advocate for voting rights for African American women. The group worked to abolish both gender and race bias.

▪ After Garnet became the Superintendent of the Suffrage Department for the National Association of Colored Women (NACW), the Equal Suffrage League affiliated with the National Association of Colored Women. In 1907 the Equal Suffrage League and National Association of Colored Women jointly supported a resolution supporting the principles of the Niagara Movement that advocated for equal rights for all American citizens.

Equal suffrage league

Census sufrage

▪ Also known as "censitary suffrage", the opposite of Equal suffrage, meaning that the votes cast by those eligible to vote are not equal, but are weighed differently according to the person's rank in the census (e.g., people with high income have more votes than those with a small income, or a stockholder in a company with more shares has more votes than someone with fewer shares). Suffrage may therefore be limited, usually to the propertied classes, but can still be universal, including, for instance, women or ethnic minorities, if they meet the census

Census suffrage

Compulsory suffrage

▪ Compulsory suffrage is a system where those who are eligible to vote are required by law to do so. Australia practices this form of suffrage. The main thing is that you are compelled to vote, you must vote, everyone has to vote, you can't get out of voting if it is compulsory.

Compulsory suffrage

Types of equality

▪ 1. Civil Equality

▪ 2. Political Equality

▪ 3. Social Equality

▪ 4. Natural Equality

▪ 5. Economic Equality

Civil equality

▪ There is civil equality in the State when persons are subject to the same law in enjoyment of their various rights and liberties. There can be no civil equality when law kames distinction between one individual and the other. Civil equality as a concept has been accepted in a democratic form of government. It implies that all citizens should be treated alike in the matters of possession of their rights without any discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, caste or creed.

Political equality

▪ Political equality implies that all citizens should have political rights and should have equal access to all offices of authority. It means universal adult suffrage. It also implies rights to form political parties and contest in election. These rights are necessary in a democratic society.

Social equality

▪ It means that all citizens are equally eligible to enjoy various opportunities in society it also implies absence of other privileges. Social equality is a difficult idea to attain. It cannot be enforced entirely by law. The Constitution of India has accepted equality as a goal in its preamble. It has abolished untouchability by law. Though untouchability still exists in some part of the country in spite of legal prohibition, efforts are being made to ensure social equality.

Natural equality

▪ Natural equality is another type of equality. It implies that all men are born free and equal and are endowed with equal gifts and talents. It also means that the State should try to reduce inequality, rather than perpetuate it. The State should provide those social and economic opportunities that offer equal chances. Natural equality is rather an ideal and not an immediate reality. This ideal should be attained in a society as far as possible.

Economic equality

▪ Economic equality, according to Lord Bryce, is “the attempt to expunge all differences in wealth, allotting to every man and woman an equal share in worldly goods.” It means that wealth should be enjoyed equally by all. It also implies abolition of poverty. The basic minimum of an individual should be fulfilled. If primary needs of an individual are not fulfilled, there cannot be real democracy. Political equality is said to be meaningless unless it is accompanied by economic equality.

Made by- Abhigyan Ninama

Class – 7th