Social Change

By M.VIJAYALAKSHMI

Assistant Professor

• A change in the life-style of a group, community or society

• Change in dress habits, food habits, marriage rituals, customs, traditions, folkways, mores, taboos, saving-behaviour, production and distribution techniques, etc., to a change in attitudes, beliefs and values

Social Change

• Ogburn • Social change means change in culture

in two ways – material culture and non-material culture

• Jones• “Social change is a term used to a

describe variations and movements of social progress, social interactions or social organization”

Definitions

• Economic Aspect• Political Aspect• Religious Aspect• Moral Aspect• Scientific and Technological

Aspect

Different Aspects of Social Change

Changes in Social Relations

Cultural changes

Civilizational changes

Types of Social Change

• Impact of changes in physical environment, due to natural calamities like earthquake, Tsunami etc.,

• Impact of discoveries and inventions in Science and technology

• Impact of war and other man-made explosions• Impact of ideas and ideologies founded and

propagated by exceptional individuals• Effect of cultural diffusion• Planned human activities like industrialization,

urbanization, modernization, globalization etc.

Factors Bringing about Social Change

Exogenous factors

Endogenous factors

According to Prof. W.J.H. Sprott

Physical and Biological (Exogenous)

Technological (Endogenous but

episodic in character)

Cultural (Endogenous but planned and

patterned)

• Cultural Intertia• Fear of New Things• Vested Interests• Degree of Isolation

Factors Resisting Social Change

• Closed-type Social setup• Fear and Anxiety towards New things

and Practices• Absence of new Discoveries in Science

and Technologies or their Diffusion among the Population

• Isolation

Barriers to Social Change

• Shortage of Inventions• Psychological Restraint• Political Conditions• Economic Conditions• Social Conditions• Cultural Conditions• Fear • Isolation

Restraints of Social Change(Factors Opposing Social Change)

• Cultural Factor• Geographic Factors• Environmental Factors• Economic Factors• Technological Factors• Factor of Population• Psychological Factor• Ideological Factors• Factor of war• Miscellaneous Factors

Factors Affecting Social Change

• Unilinear Theory• Cyclical Theory• Evolutionary Theory• Theory of Deterioration• Deterministic Theory (Purposeful Theory)• Spiritual Theory• Greatmen Theory of History• Theory of Technological Progress

Theories of Social Change

• Two sub-systems•Projective System•Maintenance System

Theories of Social Change

Environmental Theory

Cultural Theory

Eclectic Theory

• Westernisation• Industrialisaton• Urbanization• Casteism • Secularization• Social Mobility- Horizontal Mobility- Vertical Mobility Politicalization Indianization Modernisation

Main Factors (Causes) Affecting Social Change in India

EDUCATION AND

SOCIAL CHANGE

• Education Perpetuates Eternal Values• Promotes Capacity to Welcome social

Change• Evaluation of Social Change• Aids Coming of New Social Changes• Transmission of Culture• Education about Social Change

Role of Education in Social Change

• Removal of Obstacles• Increasing the Areas of knowledge• Leadership Role in social Change• Mother of New Changes• Spreading Knowledge• Stabilizing Democratic Values

Levels of social change - Surface level and Depth level Vital role of education Three-fold Function of Educationa. It can be retard the process of changeb. It can maintain the status quoc. It can accelerate the process of social change According to V.R.Taneja – three fold function of

educationi. Preservation of worthwhile heritageii. Transmission of worthwhile cultureiii. Dissemination of new knowledge, Thus motivating dynamism and stimulating progress

Education, a Creative Forcei. It can liquidate illiteracyii. It can remove social barriersiii. It can overcome cultural lagsiv. It can act as means of social reconstructionv. It can strengthen democratic forcesvi. It can create leaders

Expectations from Education (With special reference to India)

• Prepare youth to meet the challenges faced by this society

• Educational and vocational guidance must become an integral part of the new system of education

• To meet the challenge of the emerging social order• Diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge

is essential to bridge the gap between scholarship and manual work

ROLE OF TEACHERS IN

SOCIAL CHANGE

• W.Gordon – “It is the task of the teacher to educate –

to educate for change – to educate through change – to educate for orderly planned revolution. If necessary to educate through more disruptive revolutionary action”

• Development of natural abilities• Perpetualizing Eternal Values• Character – building• Preparation for adult life• Development of a personality• Control and sublimation of basic instinct• Development of a Sense of Community• Encouragement to Social Welfare • Creation of useful citizens

Importance and Functions of Education

• Protection and increase of culture and civilization

• Increasing consciousness of other cultures• Use of leisure• National development• Developing an international feeling• Improving emotional unity

THANK YOU