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• Republican candidate James Monroe won the 1816 election by an overwhelming margin
• His presidency lasted two terms, from 1817 to 1825
• During this time, the U.S. economy grew, political differences diminished, and there was a spirit of nationalism across the country
• A Boston newspaper called these years “The Era of Good Feelings”
During the Monroe Presidency:
• After the War of 1812, the U.S. and Britain still had armed naval fleets in the Great Lakes
- In April 1817, the countries signed the Rush-Bagot Agreement, which limited naval power on the Great Lakes and demilitarized the border
• In February 1719, Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and Spanish diplomat Luis de Onis signed the Adams-Onis Treaty, which settles border disputes between Spain and the U.S. and allowed Florida to become a U.S. territory (though not yet a state)
• While nationalism unified the country, a feeling of sectionalism between the North and the South threatened division
• By 1819, the U.S. had 22 states; 11 were slave-holding states, and 11 were free states
• The South wanted Missouri to be admitted to the Union as a slave state, but the North disagreed
• In March 1822, Kentucky representative Henry Clay convinced Congress to agree to the Missouri Compromise
• Under the Missouri Compromise, Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state, and Maine (at the time still part of Massachusetts) would join as a free state
• It also prohibited slavery in any new state formed in the Louisiana Territory north of Missouri’s southern border
• By 1822 the U.S. was becoming that European colonies would expand in the Americas
• President Monroe issued a statement which became known as the Monroe Doctrine
• It stated that, while the U.S. would not interfere with existing European colonies in the Americas, it would oppose any new ones
• In 1824, Henry Clay developed a plan he called the American System, which aimed to make the U.S. economically self-sufficient
• Under the American System:
- A protective tariff would be established
- The national bank would make trade easier by promoting a single currency
- The country’s transportation system would be improved using taxes