Presented By : Prajapati Ghanshyam

SLUMS

BUILDING & TOWN PLANNING

ContentIntroductionCauses of SlumsCharacteristics Of SlumsEffects Of SlumsSlum Clearance

INTRODUCTION

• A slum is predominantly an overcrowded area where dwellings are unfit for human habitation.• It is an area where basic amenities like water

supply, drainage for standard living are lacking ,insanitary conditions .• It is poverty stricken area , where there is a

high rate of birth , infant mortality, illegitimacy, juvenile crime , delinquency and death .

• Thus representing a state of hell on the surface of earth.• Slum is a menaced to health, safety,

morality and general welfare of the inhabitants.• Slums are very common in India.• It is estimated that about 25% population

of any city in India live under sub-human conditions of slums .

•These are commonly known as Bustees in Kolkata Cheries in Chennai Ahatas in U.P. Jhoparpattis in Mumbai Jhuparpati in Gujrat

Slums in Dhaka , Bangladesh

Slums in Brazil

Slums in Egypt

Slums in Nairobi , Kenya

Slums in Mexico

Slums in Cape town, SA

Causes of slumRapid industrialization :The worker employed

in the factories generally make their habitation as near possible to the place of work.• Hence in a short time the available land or open

space is occupied without any proper planning.

Population growth :• There is a lag between the tremendous growth of

population and the construction of house. These shortages main fest themselves in creating slum.

Poverty:-The main cause of slum formation can be described on one word as poverty.• For poor people it is difficult to pay heavy

rent for decent living. They move in slum area.

Education:- if they inhabitants are lacking in education ,they may be easily dragged into social evils without any attention to improvement of living condition.

Power of local authority:- if the local authority concerned dose not possess adequate power of control the development of town, the slum may be formation.

Characteristics Of Slums

The General characteristics of slums are :1. Appearance:-• This the rather the universal mark of the

slum and its unpleasant appearance offends the eyes, nose, and conscience.• The structures appear to be deteriorated

and to be of over-age.

2. Fire hazards :-• The slums area is often exposed to fire

accidents and consequent damages.•One stick of matches may prove to be

sufficient to reduce the whole slum to ashes in no time.

3. Health and Sanitation:-• The slums is characterized by low

standards of sanitation .• It also refers an area of high sickness and

death rates .

4. Income criteria :-• The slum is a poverty area and it is

occupied by people of the lowest income group of the society.

5. Overcrowding :-• The slum is overcrowded with buildings

or the buildings are overcrowded with people or both conditions prevail in the slums.

7. Morals:-• The socially disorganized slum may prove

to be an area of delinquency ,crime and vice.

8. Social isolation :-• The slum area is of the lowest social

status ,and it is usually linked up with the rest of the community through its labour force .

Effects Of Slums

Following are the bad effects of slums on the town life:-

1. Health2. Lack of amenities 3. Surrounding locality4. Working conditions5. Undesirable look

Health• The environments not healthy and people

residing in slums are easily vulnerable to by various diseases.

Lack of amenities• Sufficient public facilities water supply,

drainage, sanitation, electricity etc. do not exist.

Surrounding locality• If location of institutions like school, hospital,

library etc are near to slum area then it affect their working.

Working conditions • The area being full of noise, traffic

congestions, smoke, darkness, fumes, it is not possible to work peacefully in slums.

Undesirable look• The slums spoil the aesthetic look of the city.

• In the slums there is complete absence of social and cultural life.• There is no open space of recreation, fresh air

etc in slums.• The metal outlook of the slum dweller is

affected.• He develops low moral character as such he is

easily attracted by vice, delinquency, crime and activities like bootlegging, narcotics, drugs, etc.

Slum Clearance

• Slum clearance may be defined as the complete removal of slum area from the city.

Objectives of slum clearance

• To improve living standards of people of the slum area. • To provide essential amenities like clean

drinking water , sanitation , clean surrounding for healthy living.• To prevent spread of epidemic in the town. • To bring down social disparity among the

various classes of people .• To improve the aesthetic of a town.

Objectives Of Slum Clearance

Difficulties in slum clearance

• Lack of resources. • High cost of alternative sites near place of

work.• Unwillingness of the slum dwellers to

move from slum area. • Low rent paying capacity of the slum

dwellers.

Methods of slum clearance

1. Improvement method 2. Complete removal method

3. Improvement method• This method is adopted where slums are

due to poor drainage system and unhealthy conditions.

• Hence the drainage arrangement is modified and improved.• Public utility services like water , drainage ,

gas , electricity may be provided in slum area.• Few houses need some improvement to

make them more habitable.

Complete removal method

• In this method, the slum area is completely cleaned out of the existing locality.• All the dilapidated structures are

demolished.• Only such buildings which are really in

good condition are retained.• The area thus cleaned up may be used as

open spaces and site for new buildings.

Prevention of slum formation

• Cheap housing:-Subsidized cheap houses should made available to the poor class of people by the government.• Construction of buildings:-Certain rules

and regulations may be framed and strictly followed to restrict the coming up of buildings of subnormal standards.

•Compulsion to employers:-Large companies or employers may be compelled to provide housing accommodation for their staff.•Rent restriction:-The rent restriction

act is in force in many towns in many town of our country.

•Maintenance and repairs:-• The responsibility of maintenance and

repairs of building should be fixed and defined in housing act.• Social education:-• Effective social education may help in

checking the growth of slumps and reduces the poverty.

Brazil