[Slideshare] tafaqqahu-#5(august-2016)-lesson-#3c-elucidation of the problem-in–education- contn'd(17-sept-2016)

UNDERSTANDING OF THE DEEN (AL-ISLAM)Intermediate Islamic (FIQH) course in English

Conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail

LESSON # 3cLESSON # 3c

Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims.

““To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016))

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST COMPASSIONATE,MOST MERCIFUL.MOST MERCIFUL.

"O my Lord! Let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honour, and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honour; and grant me from

Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)”(Qur’an: Isra’: 17: 80)

RENEW TO THE SHIP (UMMAH) RENEW TO THE SHIP (UMMAH) EDUCATION (KNOWLEDGE) EDUCATION (KNOWLEDGE)

Elucidation of the problem identified – Elucidation of the problem identified – confusion in Knowledge – tips on how to give confusion in Knowledge – tips on how to give good instruction (MAU-’IZATIL-HASANAH)good instruction (MAU-’IZATIL-HASANAH)

Updated 17 SEPTEMBER 2016

PARTPART # 4 # 4(Aug-(Aug-20162016))

(Continuation – exercise)

“O Allah! Grant favours in our hearing, in our sight and in our strength to be

always upon Your Path. And make our yearnings and desires to be in accord

with everything (teachings and guidance) which has ben brought by Your

beloved Muhammad - salutations of Allah and peace be upon him.”

ALLAA-HUM-MA – MA-TI’-NAA – BI-AS-MAA-INAA – WA

– AB-SWAA-RI-NAA – WA- QUW-WAA-TI-NAA- FEE- SA-BEE – LIK, -

WAJ – ‘AL – HA-WAA-NAA –TA-BA-’AN- LI-MAA – JAA – A – BI-HI – HA-BEE-BU-KA

– MUHAM-MADUN – SWOL-LAL-LAA-HU –’ALAI-HI - WA-SAL-LAM

All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2016)) PREVIOUS LESSON

Hadith extracted from: ‘NASA-IHU AL-’IBAAD ‘ALAA SHARHI AL-MUNABBIHAT ‘ALA AL-ISTI’DAD LI-YAUMI AL-MA-’AD’

Sheikh Imam Muhammad Nawawi bin Umar al-Jawi al-Bantanifamous Nusantaran scholar and Imam in Makkah (1813-1897)


YAA ABAA- DZAR! JAD-DI-DIS-SA-FEE-NATI – FA-IN-NAL-BAH-RAL – ‘A-MEE-Q

WA-KHU –DHIZ – ZAA-DA – KAA-MI-LA - FA-IN-NAS - SAFARA – BA-’EE-D

WA-KHAF- FI – FIL – HAM-LA – FA –IN-NAL – ‘A-QOBA-TA – KA-UU-D

WA – AKH-LI – SWIL – ‘A-MALA – FA-IN-NAN- NAA-QI-DA – BA-SWEE-RAN-NAASEEHAHThe Sincere Advice


THE HADITH

PREVIOUS LESSON

O Aba Dzar! Renew the ship, for verily the ocean is deep,

And take complete provision, for verily the journey is far,

And lighten the load, for verily the obstacles are almost insurmountable,

And be sincere in your deeds, for verily the scrutinizer of faults

is The Seeing (Allah).AN-NAASEEHAHThe Sincere Advice


THE HADITH

PREVIOUS LESSON


CHALLENGES CHALLENGES TOWARDS THIS TOWARDS THIS

UMMAHUMMAH

EXTERNAL

IDENTIFYING THE THREAT

PREVIOUS LESSON

TA’ARUF AND SHORT GROUP DISCUSSION

The ‘The ‘EducationEducation’ which we are privileged to have been brought ’ which we are privileged to have been brought

up with has without doubt benefitted us muchup with has without doubt benefitted us much. Yet, when we . Yet, when we

critically measure this against the ‘critically measure this against the ‘Islamic perspective of Islamic perspective of EducationEducation’ – aims, objective, concern, philosophy and ’ – aims, objective, concern, philosophy and

methodology, etc. - identify how its shortcomings (viz. how it can methodology, etc. - identify how its shortcomings (viz. how it can

be a challenge, etc.) threatening the proverbial ‘be a challenge, etc.) threatening the proverbial ‘shipship’, and later ’, and later

perhaps identify how we can renew and benefit fully from it.perhaps identify how we can renew and benefit fully from it.

Break into groupings (of not more

than 8 person in each).

Do brief introduction of each other.

Proceed to discuss


LACKING ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHICALRESPONSE TO ‘SECULARISM’

NEGLECT MASTERY OF LANGUAGES

CONFUSIONIN KNOWLEDGE

ABSENCE OFAN ACTIVE CULTURAL

EDUCATIONBREAKDOWN

OF ADAB

RISE OF FALSE LEADERS AND FAILED LEADERSHIP

SCARCITY OF TRULYISLAMIC EDUCATORS

AND THINKERSTRUNCATION FROMHISTORY OF ISLAMIC

CIVILIZATION

LACK OF READINGCULTURE AND OF

SERIOUS RESEARCH



Our traditional Ahlus-Sunnah wal Jama’ah, in matters of AQEEDAH,

has been successful in refuting all ideological attacks to our creed

from the Rationalists, deviant mystics, atheist of its time – using its

own philosophical methods and discourses.

Many Muslims may have undervalued the intellectual heritage of

traditional Islam. With resurgence of Islamic discourse from a

certain ‘group’ which is gaining much follower on the YouTube,

‘philosophy’ and “ILMU- AL-KALAM” is branded as a ‘heresy’ to be

shunned.

Whereas our remedy to these challenges is this heritage of Islam.

PREVIOUS LESSON

SEEKING TO KNOW ‘WHAT IS REALITY?’

SEEKING TO KNOW ‘HOW DO WE KNOW?’

‘WHAT WOULD MAKE US BE ATTACHED TO?’

ETHICSWhat is right?

AESTETHICWhat is beautiful?


SEEKING TO KNOW ‘WHAT IS REALITY?’

SEEKING TO KNOW ‘HOW DO WE KNOW?’

‘WHAT WOULD MAKE US BE ATTACHED TO?’

ETHICSWhat is right?

AESTETHICWhat is beautiful?

And today SECULARISM, HUMANISM, PRAGMATISM etc. being dominant and promoted – thus they either have no notion of the Absolute or refuse to submit to the evidence brought by religion, they are in a perpetual state of loss

“THE TINKER”


WHAT CAN WE DO

ABOUT THIS?

PREVIOUS LESSON


In the context of Singapore Malay-Muslims, many may have lost

their mastery of the Malay language while their English literacy does

not entail enough competency to understand serious intellectual

discourses.

Also, since we are living in a multi-racial multi-lingual society, and to

uphold the legacy of Prophetic Da’wah to others, we should seriously

prepare our young generation to master other languages.

Perhaps we can begin by preparing a simple immersion program in

daily interactive conversational courses – Mandarin, Hokkien,

Cantonese, Tamil, French, Tagalog, Japanese, etc.

WHAT CAN WE DO

ABOUT THIS?

PREVIOUS LESSON



Seriously thinking, Prof. Syed Muhammad Naquib Al-Attas identified

the confusion of knowledge (epistemology) is the root problem of the

modern and now post-modern era in which we are now in – indeed

the crisis of the intellect. And he advise us thus:

““The learned and wise among Muslims must use constant The learned and wise among Muslims must use constant

vigilance in detecting erroneous usage in language which vigilance in detecting erroneous usage in language which

impinges upon semantic change in major key elements and impinges upon semantic change in major key elements and

creates general confusion and error in the understanding of creates general confusion and error in the understanding of

Islam and of its worldviewIslam and of its worldview.” .” Quote: “The Concept of Education in Islam” pp. 37-38Quote: “The Concept of Education in Islam” pp. 37-38

WHAT CAN WE DO

ABOUT THIS?

1. NIYYAT – DU’A


2. OPENING ‘BASMALAH’, ‘HAMDALAH’, ‘SWOLAWAT’ - SALAAM -

““and (with) good instruction …”and (with) good instruction …”((Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125) )


3. BREAKING THE ICE WITH ‘GRABBERS’

““reciting to them His verses (i.e. show then His Signs) …”reciting to them His verses (i.e. show then His Signs) …” ((Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125Qur’an: An-Nahlu: 16: 125) )

Depending on the audience and the appropriateness of the ocassion

a. Verses of the QUR’AN, AHADITH, HIKMAH etc.

b. Information with impact –PROFOUND SAYINGS OR FACTSc. Personal anecdotes – INTERESTING PUNCH LINESd. Jokes with profound message in the humour: my favourite are from

Sufi lore - the incredible antics of MULLAH NASARUDDIN or

also know as KHOJA, AFENDI, ABU NAWAS, etc.

“ AAH! Don’t laugh at me … You see, it is my

donkey that is facing in the wrong direction.



a. HAVE THE ESSENTIAL POINTS READY,

b. ARRANGE THESE IN A LOGICAL SEQUENCEc. SPEAK FROM ‘THE HEART TO REACH THE HEART’d. DELIVERY - STATE OF TAQWA – inner reliance upon Allah

e. FOCUS - SPEAK TO THE POINT – watch for ‘signs’f. DON’T BE HASTY – vary your tone – make silent DU’A in between

g. Know when to stop

4. REGARDING - ‘CONTENT’

WHAT IS THE TERM “AD-DEEN” ?

WHAT IS THE TERM “AL-ISLAM” ?

WHAT IS THE TERM “MUSLIM” ?

WHAT IS THE TERM “ALLAH” ?

WHAT IS THE TERM “KNOWLEDGE” ?

WHAT IS THE TERM “FARDHU ‘AIN” ?


# 1

# 2

# 3

# 4

# 5

# 6

PROJECT ASSIGNMENT


RE-VISITING PAST LESSONS“FIQHUD-DA’WAH”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH


FIQHUD-DA’WAH


FIQHUD-DA’WAH


FIQHUD-DA’WAH


FIQHUD-DA’WAH


FIQHUD-DA’WAH


CHECK THE ‘FACTS-DATA’ PRESENTED

Source and veracity?

Partial or complete?

What is the context?

Consistency or with possible discrepancy

CHECK ARGUMENT USED

Fallacious arguments?

Alien standard used?

Relevance?

AN-NASEEHAH – Sincere Advice

: How to dispel misconceptions?

By correcting these inherent flaws, the picture will become clearer, false arguments refuted and INSHA-ALLAH the misconceptions will be removed.

FIQHUD-DA’WAH




It is important to check the ‘data’ or ‘facts’ which usually is being

presented as though representing Islam which has led to the

misconception.

Opinions or interpretations (which they use to fault Islam) are usually

opinions, customs or practices of certain Muslims which may not

necessarily be authoritative to represent that of Islam.

Even purported Hadith quoted sometimes may be unverified or

worst, from that which has been rejected (MAR-DUD) categories viz.

‘fabricated’ (MAUDHU’) or ‘weak’ (DHA-IF) , unknown (MAJ-HUL)etc.

FIQHUD-DA’WAH




Even among difference of opinions (IKHTILAF) regarding a certain

subject amongst Islamic scholars, those who try to attack Islam would

nit-pick and select only the ‘odd’ (SHADZ) or controversial views of

past Islamic scholars which had already been criticized and refuted,

while purposely ignoring to highlight and present the conclusive

opinions already agreed to by consensus of Islamic scholars (RAJIH).

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Partial or complete?



Another deceptive method which led to misconception is when the

information or data presented is incomplete or partial – ‘cherry

picking’- which thus projected a false image of what Islam is.

Quotations even from Qur’an sometimes are partially presented as

though that was all there is. Those who do not understand the

Qur’anic sciences (ULUM-AL-QUR’AN), usually attempt at trying to

interpret its teaching by such selective (nit-picking) hoping that

people believe their assertion – totally disregarding issue of ‘NASAKH-

MANSUKH’; ‘TAFASEER’; ‘ASBAAB-AN-NUZUL’ etc.

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

What is the context?



Sometimes, a data or information or statistics etc. has been taken out

of its context, such that a selective ‘interpretation’ (different from

what it was originally meant) is then mischievously asserted.

Although the information, example a quotation may be correct yet its

true intending meaning is purposely suppressed so that it still remains

ambiguous needing ‘interpretation’ designed to put Islam in a bad

light. Only by knowing the context of the quotation can we know what

was intended, thereby exposing the purported ‘flaw’.

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Consistency or with possible discrepancy?



Sometimes a ‘fact’ may be inconsistently applied to suit their

suggestion of defects or negativity about Islam. Whereas in other

times the same ‘fact’ has been used which suggest positivity.

Example:

“In the Qur’an, preserving life is so sacred that ‘to kill a person without justification is

like killing all mankind”

Yet in the Qur’an Muslims are also instructed to ‘kill all the unbelievers wherever they

can be found.’”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

CHECK THE ARGUMENT OR REASONING USED

Fallacious arguments?


Fallacies are defined “as mistakes in belief based on an unsound argument”.

DEFINITION:

There are many different types of such mistakes that can occur.

The following are common types – examples of fallacies, just to

give you an idea.

FIQHUD-DA’WAH


FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Types of Fallacious arguments

Appeal to Ignorance

An appeal to ignorance occurs when one person

uses another person’s lack of knowledge on a

particular subject as evidence that their own

argument is correct.


Example:

“Do you know any Hadith or verses from Qur’an that contradict my

opinion on this? So far from my extensive reading and research on

Islam, I have never come across any.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Appeal to Authority

This type of fallacy is also referred to as argumentum ab

auctoritate (argument from authority). In this case, rather

than focusing on the merits of an argument, the arguer will

try to attach their argument to a person of authority in an

attempt to give credence to their argument.



Example :

“MUIS and the Mufti has not objected to this, so who are you to say

that this is ‘Haram’ (forbidden)?”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Appeal to Popular Opinion

This type of appeal is when someone claims that an idea or

belief is true simply because it is what most people believe.



Example :

“Don’t be a fanatic fundamentalist ! All my Muslim friends, comrades

and colleagues are not so strict about observing Islamic rules, so why

are you Muslims now so strict?”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Red herring fallacies

A red herring fallacy is an error in logic where a proposition is,

or is intended to be, misleading in order to make irrelevant or

false inferences. In the general case any logical inference based

on fake arguments, intended to replace the lack of real

arguments or to replace implicitly the subject of the discussion.



FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Attacking the Person

One example of a ‘red herring’ type fallacy, also known as simply

‘Ad Hominem’ or Argumentum ad Hominem (argument against the

man) this is quite a common occurrence in debates and refers to a

person who substitutes a rebuttal with a personal insult.



Example :

“Although he argues his case well, but he was rude and

confrontational and projected very bad Adab.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Begging the Question

This type of fallacy known as ‘petitio principii ‘ is when what is

essentially the conclusion of the argument is presented as a

premise itself.



Example :

“The reason (of our policy) why female Muslim nurses must remove

their ‘Tudung’ (head scarf -Hijab) is because it is our hospital policy.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Circular Argument

Like “Begging the question”, this is referred to as Circulus in

Probando, this fallacy is when an argument takes its proof from a

factor within the argument itself in a round about reasoning, which

begins and ends on the same point .



Example :

Q: How do you know that your doctrine is true?

A: Because it is written in this Book! …..

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Circular Argument



Q: What makes you believe that that Book is truly from God?

A: Because I have faith in it!

Q: How do you get that faith?

A: Because I read that (same) Book!

Q: But how do you know that that Book is truly from God!?

A: Because I have faith!

Q: But how do you get that faith?

A: I read the Book!!……?

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

‘Straw man’ Argument

It is when someone presenting the other person’s view dishonestly

(in an argument) through distortion by adding untruth and lie,

suggesting it to be so in a subtle way that it resembles the view, and

then go on to demolished that implied ‘weakness’ in the other

person’s view (which he in fact had added). What he is attacking is in

fact a “straw man” which he himself had created, not the other

person’s view.



FIQHUD-DA’WAH

‘Correlation Implies Causation’ Fallacy

Otherwise known as Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc, this is a

fallacy in which the person making the argument connects two

events which happen sequentially and assumes that one

caused the other.



Example:

“When the rooster crows, the sun rises. Therefore, the rooster

causes the sun to rise.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

False Dilemma/Dichotomy

Sometimes referred to as Bifurcation, this type of fallacy

occurs when someone presents their argument in such a way

that there are only two possible options.



Example:

“If you are not supporting us, then you must be against us.”

“We are not discriminating against Muslims studying here. Parents who

wish to send their girls to our schools must have their ‘Tudung’ removed. If

they refuse they will be expelled, it is they who is depriving their child from

benefiting from our school system.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Non Sequitur

A fallacy wherein someone asserts a conclusion that does not

follow from the propositions.



Example:

“ I don't care what you say. We don't need any more bookshelves. As

long as the carpet is clean, we are fine.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH

Slippery Slope

Assuming that a very small action will inevitably lead to

extreme and often ludicrous outcomes.



And many more ….

Example:

“ If we allow Muslims girls to wear the ‘Tudung’ in our schools, what

else in future are they going to then request from us ? Also it will

invite other religious groups to make their demands on religious

grounds too.”

FIQHUD-DA’WAH


Alien standard used?


Today, many values and standards conveniently accepted by people

(especially the liberal West and mainstream media) are assumed to be

‘universal’ and they insist must be used to judge Al-Islam.

Whereas Islam and many traditional religions held differing values

with its own rationale, philosophy and arguments, but the humanist-

secularist blatantly ignored and suppress from the masses.

Thus when any teachings which are opposed to their standards and

value, they will be seen as wrong or evil whereas firstly, are these

alien standards they held correct? They have to be checked first.

FIQHUD-DA’WAH


Relevance?


So, we have to always be mindful of the relevance in their use of

arguments, their cherry-picking of so-called ‘facts’ of ‘evidence’ or

‘teachings’ etc.

Sometimes these are deceptively design to deflect us from the issue at

hand. When they are unable to respond to our exposure of their

erroneous assertion, they would then try to cause confusion by

introducing irrelevant issues sometime interjected like bullets hoping

that it would silence us. So we have to be alert, sharp and patient in

exposing these – with trust in Allah SWT as our Helper and protector.

END OF REVISION

FIQHUD-DA’WAH



AD-DEEN

IDENTIFYING THE CONFUSIONWRONG ASSUMPTIONS

• Its meaning is same as that of ‘religion’ as understood in other faith.

• It is merely concern with matters of the unseen – mostly superstitions and unscientific practices.

• It is irrelevant to the here and now.

APPLICATION OF ALIEN STANDARD

• Secularist worldview

INCOMPLETE DATA• Ignorance of meaning and

significance of the Arabic word “ADDEEN ”

FALLACIES AND ARGUMENTS

• “Religion is a human construct”• “Religion is the opiate of the

masses” (Karl Marx)• “Religion causes war and disunity”


AL-ISLAM


• It is a Malay ‘religion’.• Started or founded by Muhammad.• Spread by the sword.• Barbaric religion.• Its teaching violates human rights.


• Teachings are antithetical to the Modernist view of “Freedom” .

• Islam is anti science and progress.

INCOMPLETE DATA• The meaning of “ISLAM” and its

significance.• It historical link to the Abrahamic

faith.• Fastest growing religion in the West.• Islamic civilizations’ contribution.

FALLACIES AND ARGUMENTS• “Terrorists are Muslim therefore

Islam is the religion that teaches terrorism”

• “Islam came after Judaism and Christianity, therefore it is not authentic but merely a copy”


MUSLIM


• People who have been forced.• Violent and backward people.• People who have been

‘Arabiced’ or ‘Melayunised’• These are ‘Mohammadan”

APPLICATION OF ALIEN STANDARD• Exclusivist and cannot become

good and loyal citizens.• Their aim is to impose SHARIAH

law upon others.• They are lifestyle is backward and

inconsistent with modernity.

INCOMPLETE DATA• Meaning and significance

of the Arabic word “MUSLIM ”

• Successful in uniting people of diverse races yet preserving their respective culture.

FALLACIES AND ARGUMENTS• “Not all Muslims are terrorist but all

terrorist are Muslims” (Donald Trump).• “We are going to be swamp by them”

(Pauline Hanson),


ALLAH


• It is an Arab or Malay god.• A god of anger.


• Another mythical belief – unscientific.

INCOMPLETE DATA

• Not the same as in other religions’ theology.

• Meaning and significance of the Arabic proper noun “ALLAH ”.

• Our concept of God (Ikhlasw)

FALLACIES AND ARGUMENTS

• “It is the name of one of the ancient MAKKAN pagan god “Al-Lata, Al-Uzza. Al-Manat.”

TO BE CONTINUED INSHA-ALLAH