SIMPLE PAST TENSE

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Preview 2-1 Expressing past time: the simple past 2-2 Forms of the simple past: regular verbs 2-3 Forms of the simple past: be 2-4 Regular verbs: pronunciation of –ed endings 2-5 Spelling of –ing and –ed forms 2-6 The principal parts of a verb 2-7 Irregular verbs: a reference list 2-8 The simple past and the past progressive 2-9 Forms of the past progressive 2-10 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-11 Expressing past habit: used to

CONTENTS

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CHAPTER CONTENTCHAPTER 2: PREVIEW

Alada rides the bus to work.Yesterday it rained and her clothes got wet.Today she is taking extra clothes to work.

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PRESENT TENSE

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PAST TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

We graduated from college in 2007.

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(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.

(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday.

THE SIMPLE PAST

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activities or situations

SIMPLE PAST began and ended in past (yesterday, last night, in 2007)

2-1 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: THE SIMPLE PAST

(a) Our family ate lunch outside yesterday.

(b) Adrianna studied English for six hours last Wednesday.

THE SIMPLE PAST

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watch


(c) They watched the movie last night.

(d) Alexandra answered the question yesterday.

THE SIMPLE PAST

+ ed = watchedanswer + ed = answered

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(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.

THE SIMPLE PAST

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(e) We slept in tents at camp last summer.

(f) I understood most of the directions yesterday.

THE SIMPLE PAST

Irregular past:sleep sleptunderstand understoodeat ate

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Simple past forms of be was and were


(g) I was a lifeguard last summer.

(h) They were in Belgium last month.

THE SIMPLE PAST

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We started school last week.

2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-2 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: REGULAR VERBS

STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They

started school last week.

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STATEMENT

NEGATIVE

I-You-She-He-It-We-They

started school last week.

I-You-She-He-It-We-Theydid not start school last week.

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QUESTION

SHORT ANSWER

I-you-she-he-it-we-they

start school last week?Did

I-you-she-he-it-we-they did.Yes,I-you-she-he-it-we-they didn’t.No,

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE

She was sick last Monday.

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STATEMENT

2-3 FORMS OF THE SIMPLE PAST: BE

I-She-He-It was home last week.We-You-They were home last week.

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STATEMENT

NEGATIVE I-She-He-It was not home last week.


I-She-He-It was home last week.We-You-They were home last week.

We-You-They were not home last week.

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QUESTIONI-she-he-it home last week?Was


we-you-they home last week?Were

SHORT ANSWER

I-she-he-it was.we-you-they were.

Yes,Yes,

I-she-he-it- wasn’t.we-you-they weren’t.

No,No,

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They _______ at the movies last night at 8:00.

2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice

They ____ at the grocery store last night at 8:00.

weren’t

were

is

They were at the movies last night at 8:00.?

ACCURATE, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENT:

NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice

This airplane was madein 1625.

This airplane ______ made in 1625.

This airplane ___ made in 1943.

wasn’t

was

?1943 is


NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

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2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Let’s Practice

Did Carla get a bad gradeon her test?

Carla ________ a bad grade on her test.

Carla ________ an excellent grade on her test.

didn’t get

got

NEGATIVE STATEMENT:

get?

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CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED

ENDINGS

talked

talk/t/

She talked to me for an hour.

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voiceless sound + -ed /t/

(a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/

hissed = hiss/t/watched = watch/t/washed = wash/t/

examples:

k

/k/ /p/

pp

,

2-4 REGULAR VERBS: PRONUNCIATION OF –ED ENDINGS

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/k/ /s/ /ch/ /sh/,

voiceless sound + -ed /t/

(a) talked = talk/t/ stopped = stop/t/

hissed = hiss/t/watched = watch/t/washed = wash/t/

examples:

/p/

ssch

sh

, , ,


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voiced sound + -ed /d/

(b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/

lived = live/d/robbed = rob/d/stayed = stay/d/

examples:

ll

/l/ /n/

n

,


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voiced sound + -ed /d/

(b) called = call/d/ rained = rain/d/

lived = live/d/robbed = rob/d/stayed = stay/d/

examples: /l/ /n/ /v/

v

/b/

bb

all vowel sounds

y

, , , ,


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“t” or “d” + -ed / d/

(c) waited = wait / d/ needed = need / d/

td

ee

e


ulaneth

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CHAPTER CONTENT 2-4 Let’s Practice

behaved

behave__ 1. /t/2. /d/3. / d/e

?

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behaved

behave__ 1. /t/2. /d/3. / d/e

/d/

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planted

plant___? 1. /t/2. /d/3. / d/e

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plant___

2-4 Let’s Practice

/ d/e 1. /t/2. /d/3. / d/e

planted

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We are learning to speak English.

2-5 SPELLING OF –ING AND –ED FORMS

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smiledsmilingsmilehopedhoping


-ing form: drop -e, add -ing

END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?-e NO

-ed form: add -d

hope(a)

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learnlearninghelpinghelphelpedlearned


add -ing

END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?Two Consonants NO

add -ed

(b)

Two consonants

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heatheatingheatedrainedrainingrain


add -ing

END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?Two Vowels + One Consonant

NO

add -ed

(c)

Two vowels + one consonant

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planningplannedstoppingplanstoppedstop


add -ing

END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?One Vowel + One Consonant

YES

add -ed

(d)

ONE-SYLLABLE VERBS

Double the consonant and

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visit

offeringofferedvisitingoffervisited


add -ing


NO

add -ed

(e)

TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS

First syllable stressed

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preferredpreferadmitting admittedpreferring

admit


add -ing


YES

add -ed

(f)

TWO-SYLLABLE VERBS

Second syllable stressed, double the consonant

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playedplayenjoying enjoyedplaying

enjoy


END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?NO

keep the -y

(g)

vowel + -y

-y

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worriedworrystudying studiedworrying

study


END OF VERB DOUBLE THE CONSONANT?NO

-y + -ing

(h)

consonant + -y

-y

-i + -ed-y

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dieddietying tieddying

tie


END OF VERB

-y + -ing

(i)

-ie

-ie

add -d

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-ING form ________

rain

-ED form ________raining

rained

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-ING form _________

study

-ED form _________studying

studied

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-ING form _____lie -ED form _____

lying

lied

Please don’t lie to me!

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They became friends.

2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-6 THE PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A VERB

SIMPLE FORMRegular Verbs Irregular Verbs

finishhopetry

Simple FormNo final –s, –ed, or –ing

seesinggo

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SIMPLE PASTRegular Verbs Irregular Verbs

finishedhopedtried

Simple Past –ed for regular verbs

sawsangwent

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PAST PARTICIPLERegular Verbs Irregular Verbs

finishedhopedtried

Past Participle–ed for regular verbs

seensunggone

perfect tenses & passive

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PRESENT PARTICIPLERegular Verbs Irregular Verbs

finishinghopingtrying

Present Participle–ing for all verbs

seeingsinginggoing

used with progressive tenses

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Somebody spent all my money.

2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-7 IRREGULAR VERBS: A REFERENCE LIST

SIMPLE FORM: awake

SIMPLE PAST: awoke

PAST PARTICIPLE: awoken

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SIMPLE FORM: forget

SIMPLE PAST: forgot

PAST PARTICIPLE: forgotten

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SIMPLE FORM: shave

SIMPLE PAST: shaved

PAST PARTICIPLE: shaved/shaven

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SIMPLE FORM: throw

SIMPLE PAST: threw

PAST PARTICIPLE: thrown

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-7 Let’s Practice

SIMPLE FORM: give

SIMPLE PAST: _____gave

PAST PARTICIPLE: _____given

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SIMPLE FORM: sit

SIMPLE PAST: ___sat

PAST PARTICIPLE: ___sat

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SIMPLE FORM: think

SIMPLE PAST: _______thought

PAST PARTICIPLE: _______thought

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He ran to work yesterday.He was running when the bus drove by.

2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-8 THE SIMPLE PAST AND THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

THE SIMPLE PAST

X

(a) Edgar ran to work yesterday.(b) Pat drove to work this morning.

began and ended at particular time in the past

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THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

(c) Edgar was running when the bus drove by.(d) They were eating when I got home.

in progresswas/were + -ing

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THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

(e) When the bus drove by, Edgar was running.(f) The bus drove by while Edgar was running.

when = at that timewhile = during that time

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He wasn’t studying.

2-9 FORMS OF THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

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was not talking.wasn’t talking.

NEGATIVE

STATEMENT I-She-He-It


was talking.You-We-They were talking.

I-She-He-It

You-We-They were not talking.weren’t talking.

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QUESTION

SHORT ANSWER

I-she-he-it talking?Was

Yes,No,


you-we-they talking?Were

I-she-he-it was.I-she-he-it wasn’t.

Yes,No,

you-we-they were.you-we-they weren’t.

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Yesterday, the camels ___________ in the desert.

walk

were walking

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At 8:00, we began to work.

At 8:30, we ____________.work

were working

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Spot __________ at Mac.

Mac _____________ at Spot.

was lookinglook

wasn’t looking

SpotMac

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CHAPTER CONTENT2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

Our son called while we were using the computer.

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(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.

(b) I took a shower after I exercised.

(a) time clause main clause

time clause main clause

time clausemain clause

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(a) After I exercised, I took a shower.

(b) I took a shower after I exercised.

(b) main clause time clause

time clause main clause

time clausemain clause

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(c) I took a shower after I exercised.

(d) Before I took a shower, I exercised.

afterbeforeuntilas soon aswhilewhen

subject and verb

a time clause+ =

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(e) I exercised I took a shower.

(f) I exercised, I took a shower.

until = to that time and no longeras soon as = immediately after

until

As soon as

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main clause + comma + time clause

When Mary came home, I was studying.

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

(g) Mary came home I was studying.

(h)

while

time clause + comma + main clause

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First: I rang the doorbellThen: it played music

(i) When I rang the doorbell, it played music.

when allows simple past in both clauses

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two actions at the same time

past progressive okay in both

2-10 EXPRESSING PAST TIME: USING TIME CLAUSES

(j) She was learning to ski while he was playing golf.

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While we ___________, our children

____________ school.

attendwork

were working

were attending

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Lynn _________ while she __________ a book.

fall asleep

was reading

read

fell asleep

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First: I went shopping.Then: I put the food away.

After _____________, ________________.I went shopping I put the food away

________________ after ______________.I went shoppingI put the food away

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CHAPTER CONTENT 2-11 EXPRESSING PAST HABIT: USED TO

He used to be a baby, but now he is man with a family.

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(a) I used to swim every afternoon. Now I work in the afternoon. (b) Fatima used to play piano, but now she plays the violin. (c) Jasmine used to laugh, but she doesn’t anymore.

used to past situations no longer exist used to + simple form of a verb

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(d) Did you used to swim every afternoon? (OR Did you use to swim every afternoon?)

did + subject + used to

(OR did + subject + use to)

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(e) I didn’t used to swim every day, but now I swim every afternoon.

(f) Fatima never used to love school, but now she loves it.

For negative ideas,never is more common.

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Correct?

The children used to swam in the ocean.

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The children used to swim in the ocean.The children used to swam in the ocean.

2-11 Let’s Practice

Correct? No

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Correct?Were you used to ask questions in school?

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Correct?Were you used to ask questions in school?

No Did you used to ask questions in school?

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