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Presentation at Dagstuhl Workshop on Physical-Cyber-Social Computing, Sept/Oct 2013
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Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Semantics Perspective on
Physical-Cyber-Social Computing
Steffen Staab,
With research work from WeST Team
Steffen Staab 2Semantics Perspective
Prelude: Web Observatory
Collect PCSC data & ground truth!
Where is our PCSC observatory?
Understanding Collecting Describing Analyzing Modeling Predicting Repeating!
Steffen Staab 3Semantics Perspective
And now for something completely different...
Where is our PCSC observatory?
Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Semantics Perspective on
Physical-Cyber-Social Computing
Steffen Staab,
With research work from WeST Team
Steffen Staab 5Semantics Perspective
Physical-Cyber-Social Computing
Physical Sensors
Social Computing
CyberUnderstanding
And here some miracle M occurs!
Let‘s analyse this in more detail!
Steffen Staab 6Semantics Perspective
Physical-Cyber-Social Computing
Physical Sensors
Social Computing
Cyber
Understanding
And here some miracle M1 occurs
Another miracle M2 occurs
Steffen Staab 7Semantics Perspective
Physical-Cyber-Social Computing
Physical Sensors
Social Computing
Cyber
View
Semantic integration Semantic interfaces
Integration Model UnderstandingSemantic
Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Semantic Integration
Steffen Staab 9Semantics Perspective
Semantic Integration
Ontology definition Ontology mapping Programming with ontologies! (often forgotten part!)
Established, but still not known too well Too much myth?
Steffen Staab 10Semantics Perspective
Semantic Integration: refering to a story by Alan Rector
Steffen Staab 11Semantics Perspective
Semantic Integration: refering to a story by Alan Rector
FeverElecHeatElemmeasuringTempPhysSensor
Complex concept
Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Semantic Models
Also a way to do integration!!!!
Steffen Staab 13Semantics Perspective
Person sensorsPhysical Sensors
Situational Context
Environment s.
Tool (car...)
GroupSocial Computing
Social Context
Role
...
Cyber
Steffen Staab 14Semantics Perspective
Person sensorsPhysical Sensors
Situational Context
Environment s.
Tool (car...)
GroupSocial Computing
Social Context
Role
...
Text
Cyber Networks Media
Actions/Transactions
Semantic Represen.
Pragmatic interpretat.
Steffen Staab 15Semantics Perspective
Meaning: Contextualization of Topics - MGTM
Flickr photos of food, having tags Geographical Topic Models Spatial context improves content analysis
Steffen Staab 16Semantics Perspective
Neighbour Topic Exchange
Steffen Staab 17Semantics Perspective
Neighbour Topic Exchange
Steffen Staab 18Semantics Perspective
Neighbour Topic Exchange
Can be generalized to other features than geolocation:• Time (also cyclic time)• Temperature• ....
Steffen Staab 19Semantics Perspective
Meaning: Understanding Context – EU Live+Gov
Urban Maintenance (Buitenbeter) Citizens reporting infrastructure damages
Text+Image+Sensor readings submitted by citizen• Activity recognition: walking, cycling,..• Higher level context: shopping, commuting,...
Steffen Staab 20Semantics Perspective
Meaning: Linking of content - EU EPPICS
Use Case: Water management Floods of the river Po (Italy)
Observations: Physical:
• Water level sensors• Smartphone geo positions (where do people drive?)
Social & content• What do people tweet
(„road blocked“, „went there and there“)
Challenges: Linking data Correlating data („level X blocks road Y“)
Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Semantic Views
Steffen Staab 22Semantics Perspective
Relevance in "typical" social network graph
Steffen Staab 23Semantics Perspective
Relevance: Retrieving Node A's news stream
Steffen Staab 24Semantics Perspective
Relevance: Retrieving Node A's news stream
Steffen Staab 25Semantics Perspective
Meaning: Turning sensing of attention into semantics
Tagging by sensing Interestingness Content tags to
regions
Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Conclusion
Steffen Staab 27Semantics Perspective
Challenges in Semantics4PCS-computing
Sensor ontology (SSN) Better understanding of what does not work Better understanding of whether the problem is in the
ontology or in the modeling!
Abstraction and contextualization from lowest level interpretation („34734893“) to mid level interpretation
• „deviating from the norm by twice standard deviation“• „cycling“ „running“
To high level interpretation• „broad flooding“ • „shopping“ „commuting“
Steffen Staab 28Semantics Perspective
Conclusion: Semantics in PCS-Computing
Representing contextualized facts Extended provenance
-> who, where, when,...
Understanding context More than sensor readings
-> Reporting
Using context Influences semantics Influences use of semantics (pragmatics)
-> Actions!
Steffen Staab 29Semantics Perspective
Some of many open questions
Which context is most useful when?
What are good models for higher level interpretations?
Notion of pragmatics? Which data is good for which purpose?
Institute for Web Science & Technologies – WeST
Thank you!
Steffen Staab 31Semantics Perspective
References
1. R. Pickhardt, T. Gottron, A. Scherp, S. Staab, Jonas Kunze. Efficient Graph Models for Retrieving Top-k News Feeds from Ego Networks. In: SocialCom 2012 – Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Social Computing, Amsterdam, NL, September 3-6, 2012.
2. Tina Walber, Chantal Neuhaus, Ansgar Scherp, Steffen Staab, Ramesh Jain. Creation of Individual Photo Selections: Read Preferences from the Users' Eyes. In: Proceedings of ACM Multimedia 2013, Barcelona, October 2013.
3. C. Kling et al. Detecting Non-Gaussian Geographical Topics in Tagged Photo Collections. Tech Report.
4. http://liveandgov.eu/